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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Fourth Series
Vol. XXVIII, No. 15, pp. 561-613, 19 figs. November 19, 1956
REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES
OF PHOTINUS (LAMPYRIDAE:
COLEOPTERA)
BY
JOHN WAGENER GREEN
California Academy of Sciences
The present revision is the first attempt to segre^rate and define the
Nearctic species of Phntiiius since the i)iiblicatiuii of LeConte's Synojysis
of the Lampyridue in 1881. Subsequently six species were described as
new bv Fall and Olivier, and other new ones IiaA^c accumulated in collee-
tions^ more than doubling the total number known to LeConte* It has
been found that several of the published names must be reduced to syn-
onymy. The classification of tlie Nearetie spoeies lierein proposed provides
a phylog^enetie arrangement tliat may readily be amplified for the inclu-
sion of Neotropical forms.
Except in tlie male genitalia, structural diversity of a definite nature
is completely lacking for many of the species. Differences in body form,
sculpture, and color pattern are noted, but all are more or less subject to
variation. In color the Nearctic species conform closely to a general plan.
This will be described now and need not be repeated in the species descrip-
tions, where only pertinent modifications will l)e noted* The head, antennae,
and elytra are dark rufous or brown, varying to nearly black; with the
sutura!, lateral, and apical borders of the elytra narrowly pale flavate or
fulvous. The pronotum is pale flavate or fulvous with a central dark spot.
The ventral surface, except anteriorly, and the legs, except at l)ase, are
rufous or brown, vai'ying to nearly black, with tlie luminous areas of the
al)d allien pale testaceous. Color characters of taxonomic value are found
[561 1
562 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tii Skr.
ill tlie formation of the pronotal dark spot, the color of the sciitclhim and
adjoining mesonotal areas, the widtli of the Lateral pale l>order of the
elytra, and the color of the pygidium and of ventral segment 5. In one
of the species the elytra are entirely black.
The first abdominal segment in adult Lampyridae is dunsal only, the first
visible ventral segnTent belonging to the second segment of the abdomen.
In nnmbering the ventral segments, therefore, the mnnbers will always
be one greater than the actual count of the visible ventral segments. The
sternites occupy only the median half, more or less, of each ventral segment
except the terminal. The lateral part, on each side, represents the plenrite,
which at its outer margin is narrowly intlexed and becomes dorsal. This
small dorsal part bears the spiracle in FhotmuSj and in most of the other
lanipyrid genera. In the Pleotomi and Lainproecrae, however, the spiracle
is located in the ventral portion of the i>leurite near its outer margin. The
suture between |)leurite and sternite is plainly evident in the larval stage,
but in the adult this suture is obliterated and indicated only by a vague
longitudinal depression. In view of the above, it would be incorrect to
refer to the ventral segments of tlic abdomen as sternites.
The Nearctic species of Photinus separate into tw^o primary divisions,
each characterized by a distinctive type of male genitalia. The first divi-
sion forms a homogeneous taxonomic unit that in all probability should
be accorded generic rank. The genitalia are greatly diversified in these
species^ whieli are otherwise so similar in api>earance that they have here-
tofore been mostly overlooked. In the species of Division II the median
lobe of the aedeagus is provided witii two sclerotized ventro-i)asal processes
projecting outwardly, one on each side, more or less over the lateral lobes.
These processes are lacking in the species of Division I. In Division II
the genitalia serve to define a number of species groups, but are for the
most part of little value for specific determinations within each group
because of a close similarity and a very evident degree of structural
plasticity.
In certain lanipyrid genera^ e.g. Plwusis and Cratomori)J}AU, the distal
abdominal tergites are produced at the sides over the dorsal part of their
pleurites and are widely visible from a ventral viewpoint. In such a case
the abdomen was said to be lobed or foliate by earlier authors. Foliation
is conLpletely lacking in the Fhotmus species of Division I. Incipient
foliation occurs in all of the species of the P. punctulatiis^ P. consanguineus,
and F. aniens groups of Division II, where tergites 6 and 7 are narrowly
visible at the sides from below. The pyralis group of Division II occupies
an intermediate position, with the first two species as in Division I, and the
last species approaching the sti^uctnre found iii tiie groups following.
The epipleurae of Photinus are quite wide at the base of the elytra,
embracing the sides of the body. The inner cpiplenral margin rapidly
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PH0TINU8 563
approaches the external margin to form a triangular basal partj extending
posterioiiy to about the basal seventh of the elytral lengtli. The inner
epipleural margin thenee continues as a more or less distinct raised line
on the underside of the elytra, obsoleseing without reaching tlie apex. Slight
variations of this patterii occur according to species, A rather feebly
distinct but recognizable type characterizes all of the species of Division I:
the wide basal part is less abruptly narrowed posteriorly and merges
gradually into the narrow distal part, the latter is wider and with a bet-
ter defined inner margin that is more nearly in the same plane as the
exterior margin, so that the epipleurae may be descrilied as subhorizontal.
Collectors are especially urged to look for the females of those species
of Photiniis in which tliat sex is flightless. Very few of these are at pres-
ent in collections, while two of the Nearctic species believed to have
brachypterous females are still known only by the male. The autlior has
frequently taken the flightless females of I%otinus .STiiifi/iaH.^ in the eai'ly
evening, just before dark, by looking in the grass and low lierbage over
which the males are flying. Tlie presence of a female is indicated by a
feeble flash emitted as the male is ap])roaching, after having aliglited
nearby. The flightless females, sucli as have been examined, are not apterous
bv have rudimentarv wings under their verv short elvtra.
Mr. H. S. Barber found the flashing habits of Photuris to l)e dis-
tinctive for many of the species and useful in their identification. It is
probable that the same is true of Phoiinus. Barber and F; A, ilcDermott
have recorded flash data with the specimens they collected, Init very little
other information on the subject is available. In some of tlie species ob-
served, such as P. scinti}lans and P. margineUus, and i)robably also for
many others, the males in flight produce single short flashes. Both single
and double flashes have l)epn noted for P. consangvinPtis in apparently
identical specimens collected at the same time and i>hit*e. Males of the
P. ardcns group are repqgni?;able in flight by a nuiltiple flash of from four
to seven sliort illuminations in quick succession. The flash of /\ pijmlis
is eharacteristic. It alwavs occurs as the insect is slowh" lasiuis in a vertical
direction after an inclined descending flight. The flash does not end
al)rui)tlv hut is followed bv a short and dim aftere^ow.
Tlie generic simonvmv, as it stands in the literature, has lieen omitted
from this discussion. It is in need of verification by a study of type species
that are not now available. Probal)ly some at least of the ]Hiblished syno-
nyms should be restored as valid genera. This will be particularly desiral>le
when the very large nund)er of still undeseriljed species shall have been
made known. The presence of luminous areas and the dissimilarity of the
sexes are not necessarily characters of generic importance, as they liave
heretofore been considered.
The material on which this revision was based came from manv sources
564 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4Tir See.
ill addition to the extensive collections of the California Academy of Sci-
ences. The autlior wishes to express his sincere thanks and ai>i)rcc'iation to
the following for the loan or gift of specimens over a period of years, or
for otherwise coopei^ating in this study: Agricultural and Mechanical Col-
lege of Texas, L, S* Dillon and H, J, Eeinhard; American Museum of Nat-
ural History, Mont A. Cazier; University of Arkansas, L, H, Rolston;
University of California, Paul D, Ilurd; University of California at Los
AngeleSj J. N. Belkin; Carnegie Museum^ (Jeorge "Wallace; Chicago Nat-
ural TTistorv Museum, Henry J)vl.)as; Cornell University, ITcnry Dietrich;
University of Delaware^ Chas, Triplehorii; Emory University, the late
P, AV, Pattig; Entomological Laboratory at Augusta, MainCj A, E. Brower;
University of Florida, Lewis Berner; Florida State Plant Board, H, V.
Weems^ Jr.; Illinois Natural History Survey, M. AV. Sanderson; University
of Kansas, E. H, Beamer; Kansas State College, George A, Dean and
Fred A. Lawson; University of ]Miehigan, T. IL Plubbell; University of
jMissouri, W, R. Enns; North Carolina Department of Agriculture, D. L.
Wray: University of Ohio, W. C. Stelir; Ohio State University, J. N. KnuU;
Ohio State Museum, E. S. Thomas; Oregon State College; South Dakota
State College, IL C. Severin; U. S. National Musinim, 0. L, Cartwright and
Ross H, Arnettj Jr,; Owen Bryant; Carl Cook; P. J. Darlington for the
privilege of studying the type material of LeConte and Fall at the Museum
of Comparative Zoology; K. E, Dreisbach; K. M, Fender; C, A. Frost;
Borys Malkin; M. Y. Marshall; E, J, P, Marx; A, T. McClay; F, A.
MeDermott; P. J, Spangier; and George Steyskal
Genus Photinus Castlenau
Photinus Castlenau, 1833, Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 2:141
Photinus LiRcords^ire, 1857, Geo. Col., 4:321.
In addition to its general lanipyrid structure^ the genus Photinus^ as
represented in the Nearetie fannaj is characterized as follows. Body texture
soft; form elongate oval, lateral margins snbparalleL Head strongly de-
flexedj when retracted it is completel}^ covered by pi-onotnni; gula semi-
membranous, greatly abbreviated medially by a forward extension of occipi-
tal foramen; eyes large, hemispherical. Antennae simple, slender, coni-
pressedj 11-segmented, without minute terminal appendix, similar in the
sexes, less than half as long as body, with coarse and somewhat bristling
pubescence; second segment shorty following segments elongate, subequal
to each other in lengthj gradually more slender distally. Clypeus feebly
sclerotized, with membranous basal articulation; labrum elongate trian-
gular^ membranous; mandibles acute, arcuate, regularly narrowed from
base to apex, excepting the internal basal enlargement. Maxillary palpi
short and stout, broader distallv, second segment not elongated; terminal
Vol, XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PHOTINUS 565
seg^ment of labial palpi triangular or securiform^ its apex truncate or
rounded-
Pronotum semienipticj anterior angles obliterated, posterior angles sub-
reetangular, sides and front explanate. Eh^ra with dual pubescence,
minute secondary pul:>cseencc usually broadly lacking at base; epipleurae
completely defined externally by the acute elytral margin, wide at base,
rapidly narrowing to about basal seventh, thence narrowly subparallel,
obliterated before reaching elytral apex. Prosternum truncate in front;
anterior margin of hypomcra not attaining lateral margin of thorax;
anterior thoracic spiracles prominent^ transverse, subtubulate, o\ erlapi>ing
the niesepisterna. Abdominal spiracles dorsal.
Abdomen of male wdth eight visible ventral segments, the two terminal
covered by pygidium; light organs, when present^ occupying all of ventral
segments 6 and 7^ these segments eacli longer than any preceding segment
and each with a pair of stigmatiform poT*es. Female with seven visible
ventral segments; light organs, when i) resent, occupying median third or
more of the width of segment 6. Legs short and stout, compressed; tibial
spurs small, slender and acute, concealed by tlie apical setae; terminal
seuinent of tarsi extending for less tlian half its length bevond lobes of
deeply emarginatc fourth segment; cIbavs simple.
Key to Males of Nearctic Phot inns
1. Median lobe of aedeagus without veiitro-basal processes. Epipleurae subhori-
zontal, gradually narrowing from base. Ventral ses^ments 6 and 7 transversely
convex, segment 5 with pale apical border (except in P, cookii). Females alate,
similar to male . --.-. . ., —...._..„ ,„. Division 1-2
— ■ Median lolie of aedeagus with two sclerotized ventro-hasal processes. Epipleurae
more strongly inflexed, rapidly narrowing to about basal seventh. ...Division II-9
Division I
2. Lateral lobes of aedeagus each with a dorsal branch embracing sides of median
lobe -, -........, _ _„ ,, „„.„, 3
— Lateral lobes of aedeagus without dorsal branehes „ 7
3. Median lobe of aedeagus extending notably beyond tips of lateral lobes_.,„„...., 4
— Median lobe of aedeagus not extending beyond tips of lateral lobes..... 5
4. Pronotum with median dark spot, scutellum and mesonotal areas dark piceous.
Aedeagus as in figure 1 _. (1) P. fexanus Green, new species
— Pronotum without median dark spot, scutellum and mesonotal areas pale
fulvous. Aedeagus as in figure 2 (2) P. iwrnactUatus Green, new species
5. Species non-luminous, ventral segments 6 and 7 each subequal in length to seg-
ment 5, segments 2 to 5 entirely dark piceous_.„(3) P. cookil Green, new species
— Species luminous, ventral segments 6 and 7 each distinctly longer than any
preceding segment, segment 5 with pale apical border . „..„, 6
6. Median lobe of aedeagus attenuate distally; lateral lobes arcuately ascending,
elongate, their dorsal branches long and slender, nearly meeting above
„_.....„..,„,..„.....„„ -.-,.,„...,-....„... ...„_„.._ (4) P. margincUus LeConte
566 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4th See.
— Median lobe of aedeagus not attenuate distally; lateral lobes stout, not ascend-
ing, their dorsal branches short, tips distant above ,„„ ,.- ..,_.
._ , .-„..,.„„.,.. (5) P. curtatus Green, new species
7. Median lobe of aedeagus extending well beyond tips of lateral lobes ._„..
„, ._ ....__. „.... .......__... .„. { 6 ) P. floridanus Fal]
— Median lobe of aedeagus not extending beyond tips of lateral lobes. . , 8
8. Pygidium strongly longitudinally humped or roof -shaped. Lateral lobes of
aedeagus strongly sclerotized, irregularly dentate within . .,
„.... .„,. , - (7) P. sahulosus Green, new species
— Pygidium normal. Lateral lobes of aedeagus w^eakly sclerotized, not denticulate
within, acuminate at tip (8) P. acuminatum Green, new species
Division II
9, Ventral segments 6 and 7 transversely convex, segment 5 Avith pale apical
border „„.,„ „... „ ,„„_. -P. pyralis group 12
— Ventral segments 6 and 7 nearly flat, segment 5 entirely dark piceous or black
.....„, , . ... 10
10, Lateral lobes of aedeagus elongate, descending, their inner margins contiguous
beneath tip of median lobe. Apex of pygidium rounded ,,.. .„. 11
— Lateral lobes of aedeagus short and stout, not descending, their inner margins
separated throughout, or touching only beyond tip of median lobe. Apex of
pygidium broadly truncate. Female alate, similar to male . ..
__...__.... ...... P, cofisanguineus group 22
11, Ventral segment 8 arcuately emarginate, without median apical process, Pro-
notum with median longitudinal line usually distinctly impressed. Female
brachypterous, except in P. umbrutus (unknown in P. tenuicinctus and
P, frosti) „..„...„.... .....................P . ininctulatus group 14
— Ventral segment 8 not or scarcely emarginate, its apical margin produced in a
short median cusp. Pronotum without impressed median longitudinal line.
Female alate, similar to male -... ..P. ardens group 26
P. py rails Group
12, Dorsal surface of median lobe of aedeagus membranous in about distal third.
Abdomen with basal segments piceous or partly so. Sexes similar . . . 13
— Dorsal surface of median lobe of aedeagus not as above. Abdomen with basal
segnients entirely pale. Sexes dissimilar, female brachypterous, ....,„... ...„„„
.......„,., , (11) P. scintillmis (Say)
13* Mandibles stout. Head nearly flat between eyes, surface smooth, with simple
punctulation. Ventral segments 2 to 4 entirely dark piceous. Size larger, form
more elongate ............. ...... ,.., (9) P. pyralis (Linne)
— Mandibles slender. Head concave between eyes, surface roughened with irregu-
lar granulose punctulation. Ventral segments 2 to 4 not entirely dark piceous,
with poorly defined pale areas. Size smaller, form less elongate „..
,...„_„...,...__ .... „.... _ (10) P. australis Green, new species
P. /JMnctufafiis Group
14. Form normal, broader as in preceding species. Pronotum usually more nar-
rowly rounded in front, lateral margins diverging posteriorly. Elytra each with
lateral and sutural margins parallel from humerus to about apical fifth, round-
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PH0TINU8 567
iiig into apex. Antennae longer and more slender. Eplpleurae distinct beyond
wide basal part ..,....„„.....„....„„. ..,..„..,„„..„...„.. ....„ ._ _„.... ^_ 15
— Form more elongate. Pronotum usually broadly rounded in front, lateral mar-
gins subparallel or feebly converging posteriorly. Elytra each tapei^ng poster!-
orly, lateral and sutural margins feebly converging from humerus to near apex.
Antennae shorter and stouter. Epipleurae extremely narrow except at base.„.,.„
15. Lateral pale border of elytra wider, plainly exceeding width of explanate mar-
gin medially. Epipleurae, scutellum, and niesonotal areas pale fulvous
.„„„,-.._,,-.___.„„„._.,,..„,„.- , — , (12) P. Irrimleyi Green, new species
— Lateral pale border of elytra narrow, not exceeding width of explanate margin.
Epipleurae usually fuscous hasally ._ _.-.„„,.„„ „. „, ^,..._ 16
16. Pygidium pale, sharply contrasting with preceding dark plceous tergites. Disk
of pronotum conspicuously and rather closely punctate.. ...... „_.„...
- „.„.... ,„ - -..„---. , (13) P. punctulatus LeConte
— Pygidium and preceding tergites concolorous, dark piceous „,., ._,..„. 17
17. Lateral pale border of elytra very narrow, limited to outer edge of explanate
margin ....„_....._.......„....,-...,.._._.. ..,,......, (14) P. tenuicinctus Green, new species
— Lateral pale border of elytra occupying entire explanate margin „„. _..., 18
18- Disk of pronotum with coarser simple punctation. Scutellum dark piceous
basally, mesonotal areas abruptly pale fulvous. (Female unknown^ probably
brachypterous)„- ....,„...„.„.„„ ,., „..........„„ (15) P. frosti Green, new species
— Disk of pronotum minutely puncttilate, punctures often subgranulate, especially
at sides, Scutellum and mesonotal areas pale fulvous. Female alate, similar
to male _ ....__ _._, (16) P. umbratus LeConte
19, Pronotum immaculate or with anterior dark spot. Elytra more elongate, extend*
ing to tip of abdomen , „ 20
— Pronotum with central dark spot. Elytra less elongate, usually not reaching
abdominal apex __ ,„... „ ....„...._..., 21
20, Elytra] margins narrowly fulvous. Pronotum rufous with anterior third dark,
the dark color rarely extending posteriorly., (17) P, collustrans lueConte
— Elytra entirely black. Pronotum entirely rufous, or rarely somewhat dusky
anteriorly „„., .... .., (18) P, stellaris Fall
21. Pronotum distinctly granulate-punctate — ._.. (19) P. granulatus Fall
— Pronotal punctation not granulate (20) P, dimhsus LeConte
P. consanguineus Group
22, Aedeagus as in figure 16. Habitat southern Arizona ..._....
...■.■.^..- - -^ .^- ^.-^^ (21) P. knulH Green, new species
— Aedeagus similar to Figure 17. Habitat eastern and mid-western states 23
23. Species non-luminous; ventral segments 6 and 7 each subequal in length to
segment 5; abdomen entirely black, or irregularly paler apically. Eyes small. „.
- - (22) P. i7idictus (LeConte)
— Species luminous; venti'al segments 6 and 7 entirely pale, each longer than
segment 5. Eyes large . 24
24. Pygidium pale, sharply contrasting with preceding dark piceous tergites. Form
narrowly elongate. Epipleurae obsolete except at base ...^.
,->™--— - - ..._ ( 23 ) P, Uneellus LeConte
568 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Seb.
— Pygidiuni and precediiig tergites concolorous. Form and epipleurae normal.... 25
25. Form more elongate in male, female shorter. Elytra usually brown or dilute;
lateral pale border, when distinctly defined, confined to narrowly explanate mar-
gin. Pronotal inaculation variable, rarely lacking, usually a more or less distinct
broad median vitta. Scutellum usually pale at tip ...„„..„ (24) P. ignitus Fall
— Form broader and less elongate in both sexes. Elytra dark piceous; lateral pale
border well defined, exceeding width of explanate margin medially, Pronotum
with broad median dark vitta. Scutellum and mesonotal areas dark piceous
..„. .„„.,.,„_ ..„ ( 25 ) P. eonsangiiineus LeConte
P. ardens Group
26. Lateral pale border of elytra wider, exceeding width of explanate margin me-
dially, Pronotum longer, usually more narrowly rounded at middle of front
margin; lateral margins arcuate, usually feebly converging at hind angles....„„
.„,„.._ - .„.. .„ .„ (26) P. consiniilis Green, new^ species
— Lateral pale border of elytra narrow throughout, confined to explanate margin,
Pronotum shorter, usually evenly and broadly rounded in front; lateral mar-
gins Bubparallel or feebly diverging to hind angles „„ ,.„ ,„„. . 27
27. Pronotum with slightly narrower median dark vitta, Its lateral margins regular
and well defined; pale area each side clear fulvous. Form broader .„.„„,„..,_....
,. „....„„..- „„ -..„... (27) P. caroUnus Green, new species
— Pronotum with broader median dark vitta, its lateral margins somewhat ir-
regular; pale area each side discolored by nubilous brownish or piceous spots,
sometimes completely obscured. Form more elongate...... (28) P. ardens LeConte
In figure 19 diagrams are presented showing the average body form of
three well known species, P. jnfralisj P. eonsangiiineus^ and P. coUustrans,
Reference is made to these diagrams in the species descriptions, as an at-
tempt to convey some idea of the ns\ial body outline* All the species are
quite variable in this respect, so that measurement of the length-width
ratios would be of little or no value.
In the descrii)tions that follow, only records confirmed by the author
are listed under the distribution captions. For the new spec-ies all the
specimens studied are inchidedj but only recently examined males are
indicated as paratypes. For the previously described species, when rep-
resented bv verv numerous records coverine^ a lari>e territorv, onlv about
five are listed from any one state. The present h>catioii of the specimens
cited is given in parenthesis, abbreviated as shown in the following list:
AMNH — American Musenm of Natural History
A & M, Tex — Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas
ANSP — -Academy of Natural Sciences of Pliiladelphia
CAS — California Academy of Sciences
CM — Carnegie Museum
CNHM^ Chicago Natural History Musenm
CU — Cornell Uniyersity
Em. U — Emory University
EL, Aug ^Entomological Laboratory at Augusta, Maine
FSPB — Florida State Plant Boai'd
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTTC S'PECIES OF PHOTINUS 569
INHS — Illinois Natural History Survey
KSC — Kansas State College
MCZ — Museum of Comparative Zoology
NCDA — North Carolina Department of Agriculture
OSC — Oregon State College
OSM^ — Ohio State Museum
OSU — Ohio State University
SDSC — South Dakota State College
U.Ark — University of Arkansas
U.Cal — University of California
UCLA — University of California at Los Angeles
U.Del — University of Delaware
U*Fla ^ University of Florida
U.Kans — University of Kansas
U,Mich — University of Michigan
U.Mo — University of Missouri
UO — University of Ohio
USNM^ — United States National Museum
Dreisbach — R. R. Dreisbaeh
Frost ^C. A, Frost
Malkin — ■ Borys Malkin
McClay — A. T. McClay
(1) Photinus texanus Greon^ new species
HOLOTYPE- MALE; Brownsville, Texas, October, 1942, eoUector
unknown. In eollection of California Academy of Seieiiees,
Form as in P. margiJiellKs. Pronotnm with median dark vitta attaining
base but not apex, widest in front, nari'owest just before base^ at middle
nearly one-third as wide as convex surface; anterior coarsely punctate
area dusky medially, Scutellum and mesunotal areas dark piceous. Elytra
dark brownish piceous, sutural bead flavate nearly to scutellum, lateral
pale border wider, exceeding widtli of explanate margin medially, nar-
rowly continuous around apex. Ventral segments 2 to 4 dark piceous, 5
piceons with apical boi-der pale^ 6 to 9 pale, the last faintly dusky; pygidium
dark pieeous.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotum minutely and sparsely punctnlate. Epipleurae as in P. mar-
gineUus. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous. Acdeagus
as in figure 1, Length 6.25 mm.
FEMALE, Alate, similar to male. Eyes smaller, separated by more
than diameter of eye. Ventral surface of abdomen dark i.>iceous, segment
5 with ai>ical border narrowly pale medially, segment 6 pale, luminous in
median third or more of width, each side sumetimes dusky,
VARIATIONS. The pronotal vitta may l^e uniformly wide throughout
its length J or it may l)e I'educed to a triangular spot, widest in front and
570
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Proc. 4th Ser,
not quite attaining base. The i)ale apical border of male ventral segment 5
may be more extensive, extending nearly to base medially. Length 5-7 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Texas. Brownsville: holotype and 1 paratype,
X-42 (CAS) J 1 paratype, VI-5-32, J. 0. Martin (CAS) ; 2 females, V-9-08
(U.Mo); 1 female, V-8-35, D. J. & J. N. Knull (OSU); 1 paratype,
VIII-8-37, D. J. & J. N. KnuU (OSU); 2 paratypes, one dated V-11-38,
C. H. T. Towaisend (USNM); 1 paratype, VII, Wickham (USNM). Cam-
eron County: 1 paratype, 1 female, IV-i-50, D. J, & J. N. Knull (OSU).
Columbus: 1 female, AViekham (USNM). Devils River: 1 male, V-2-07,
Bishop & Pratt (USNM). Gillespie County: 1 paratype, VI-11-49, D. J.
& J. N. Knull (OSU), Jackson County: 1 female, V-22-39, D. J. & J. N.
KnuU (OSU). San Juan: 1 paratype, VI-28-38, L. W. Hepner (U.Kans).
Uvalde: 1 paratype, VI-15-30, J. 0. Martin (CAS). Victoria: 1 paratype,
IV-16, E. A. Sehwarz (USNM). No definite locality: 2 females, coU. C. V.
Riley (USNM); 1 paratype, Otto Lugger (CNHM). Coahuila, Mexico:
1 paratype, Rancho la Golondrina, Rio Sabinas, Muzquiz, VI-28-38, Rol-
lin 11. Baker (A&M.Tex.).
This species closely resembles P. niarginellus, from which it may be
distinguished with certainty only by the male genitalia. It is probable that
the two species do not occur in the same region. There are no records of
P. marginellus from Texas, except one example ratlier dubiously labeled
"Texas" only.
Fig. 1. Photinus tejpanus Green, new species. Paratype; Brownsville, Texas,
X-42, E. S. Ross (CAS). Male genitalia: ventral, lateral, and dorsal views, arranged
in that order from left to right.
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PHOTINUS
571
(2) Photinus immaculatus Green, new species
IIOLOTYPE. MALE; Gillespie County, Texas, VI-23-40, D, J. & J. N.
KnnlL In collection of Oliio State University.
Form as in 1\ margineUus. Pronotnm without median dark spot, Scu-
telluni and inesonotal areas fulvous. Elytra dark piceous brown, sutural
bead distinctly flavatc in apical half only, lateral pale border wider, con-
fined to explanate margin, narrowly continuous around apex. Ventral
segments 2 to 4 dark piceous^ 5 to 9 pale; pygidium dark.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotum minutely and sparsely punetulate. Epipleurae as in P. mar-
ginellus. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous. Aedeagus
as in figure 2, narrowly inflexed edges of tips of lateral lobes piceous,
sparsely denticulate. Length 6.25 mm.
FEMALE, Alate, similar to male. Eyes smaller, separated by more
than diameter of eye. Ventral surface of abdomen dark piceous, segment 5
wath apical border broadly pale except at sides, segment G pale, luininous
in median third or more of width, each side somewhat dusky basally.
VAKIATIONS. Nothing of importanee noted. Lengtli 6-7. 75 mm.
Fig, 2. Photinus immamilatuH Green, new species. Holotype; GiUespie County,
Texas, VI-23-40, D. J. & J. N. KnuU (OSU). Male genitaHa: ventral, lateral, and
dorsal views, arranged in that order from left to right.
572
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Pboc. 4th Seb.
DISTRIBUTION. Texas. Gillespie County: VI-23-40, D. J, & J. N,
Knxill, holotype, 1 paratj^pe, 3 females (OSU)-
It is probable that this species may be distinguished from all other
members of Division I by its immaculate pronotum^ pale scutellum and
niesouotal areas, and normally pigmented elytra. The male genitalia are
distinctive, and should be depended upon for identification.
(3) Photinus cookii Green, new species
HOLOTYPE. MALE; Crailhope, Kentucky, VII^ll^G, Carl Cook,
In collection of California Academy of Sciences,
Form as in F. margineMus. Pronotum with median dark vitta attaining
base and apex, of nearly uniform width throughout, about one-third as
wide as base of pronotum. Seutellmn and mesonotal areas dark piceous,
El>^.ra piceous black, sutural l>ead flavate nearly to scxitellunij lateral pale
border wider, confined to explanate margin^ narrowly continuous around
apex. Ventral segments 2 to 5 piceous black, 6 to 9 flavatc, basal and lateral
borders of 6 and lateral borders of 7 piceous, the dark colors indefinitely
limited; pygidium dark.
Eyes comparatively small, separated mediallj^ above by more than
diameter of eye. Disk of pronotum finely and sparsely punctulate. Epi-
pleiirae as in P. margineJlus, Ventral segment 6 subequal in length to 5,
7 slightly longer; liglit organs not evident. Aedeagus as in figure 3, distal
part of lateral lobes and tips of dorsal branches dark piceous. Length
6.75 mm.
FEMALE. Alate. similar to male. Eves sli^'litlv smaller. Ventral sur-
7 L O ■■'
Fig. 3. Pholinus cookii Green, new species. Paratype; CraiUiope, Keiitueky,
VII-11-46, Carl Cook (CAS). Male genitalia: ventral, lateral, and dorsal views,
arranged in that order from left to right.
VoL.XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PHOTINUS 573
face of abdomen entirely dark piceous, segments 6 and 8 sometimes with
pale maculation.
VARIATIONS- In the male ventral segment 6 varies from largely pale
with an indefinite dusky spot at middle of Imsal border, to entirely black;
ventral segment 7 varies from entirely pale to largely dusky with apical
border testaceous. In the female the abdomen beneath may be entirely
black, or the terminal segment may be partially pale, and segment 6 may
be more or less pale medially in the iisnal position of the Inminons area
of the female. In both sexes the limits of the dark areas are indefinite or
nubilous. Tlie sntural bead of the elytra is sometimes not distinetlv flavate,
and nmy be scarcely paler than the adjacent surface. Length 5.25-7.75 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Kentucky. CraUhope: holotype, 14 parat>i)es, 19
females, VII-1 to 13-1946, Carl Cook (CAS); 3 females, VII-23^7, Carl
Cook (CAS) ; 1 paratype, VII-11^6, Carl Cook (Frost). Tennessee. Great
Snwky Mountains National Park: 1 male^ Cades Cove, VIII-12, R. R,
Dreisljach (Dreisbaeh), North Carolina, Raleigh: 3 paratypes, VI-28-35,
VII-2-29, VII-7^32, C. S. Brimley (CAS) ; 1 male, VI-23 (UO). Florida,
Okeechobee: 1 female, IV-1-37, J. C. Bradley (CU). Illinois. EUzaheth'
town: 2 paratypes, VI-25-32, Ross, Dozier, & Park (INHS). Missouri.
St. Louis: 1 female, VII~17-1)0, W. M. Gordon (CU). Arnold: 1 female,
1 paratype, VIII-23, I). J, & J. N, Knull (OSU), Roaring River State
Park: 1 paratype, 1 female, VI-15-54, J. AV. Green (CAS) Texas. Ear-
nack: 1 i>aratyi>e, Y-22-51, I). J. & J. N. KmiU (OSU). Bay City: 1 para-
type, 7 females, V-4-53, R. IL Beamer (ILKans).
This species is named in honor of Carl Cook, who collected a large series
at Crailhope^ Kentucky, and writes eoncerninsr it: ''Most of the specimens
were taken in the daytime by sweeping grasses and shrubs along small
streams, A few, however, were collected wlule flying at night. None of the
examples of this species that I have taken were flashing/' This information^
together with the reduction in tlie size of the eyes and of abdominal seg-
ments 6 and 7, indicates rather conclusivelv that P, cookii is non-luminous.
In certain specimen?; the texture of the pale areas of ventral segments 6 and
7 suggests that the al>ility to flash has not been completely eliminated. This
species is readily distinguished from all others of Division I by the absence
of a pale apical border in ventral segment 5.
(4) Photinus marginellus licConte
Phothius marginellus LeConte, 1851, Aead, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, (2), 5:335.
Phot ni us castus LeConte, same as above, (restored synonymy)
MALE. Color variable, normally pronotnm with median dark spot
widest in front, not attaining base or apex, sometimes diffusely entering
anterior coarsely punctate area. Sciitelhnn dusky ^ paler at tip, mesonotal
574
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Proc. 4th Seh.
areas more or less dusky. Elytra brownish piceous, sutural bead flavate
to scutellum, lateral pale border wider, exceeding* width of explanate mar-
gin niediallyj rather broadly continuous around ax^ex. Ventral segments
2 to 4 piceous brown, 5 pale with basal border sometimes irregularly macu-
late^ 6 to 9 pale; pygidium pale. Color of dorsal surface varying through
progressive stages oi" dilution to entirely dingy whitish testaceous.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotum nilnutely and sparsely punctulate, Ei)ipleurae subhorizontal,
gradually narrowing from base. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely
luminous- Aedeagus as in figure 4, pale fulvous^ tips of lateral lobes usually
darker.
FEMALE. Alate, similar to male. Eyes smaller, separated by more than
diameter of eye. Ventral segments 2 to 5 piceous brown, 5 with irregular
pale apical border, 6 luminous in median third or more of width, 6 to 8
pale, usually with pale brownish maculation.
LENGTIL Both sexes, 6.5-9 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. New HAMPSHmE. Durham: VIII^24, Vni-4
(INKS)* Hampton: VII-20 (EL.Aug). Massachusetts. Woods Hole:
VII-18 (CU), Framingham: VI-21 to VIII-9 (Frost). N, Egremont: VI,
VIII (U.Cal), .Monterey: VI-30 (Frost). SoutJiboro: VI-3 (Frost). Con-
necticut, Cor7iivall: VI~24, VTI-13 (FroBt). Litchfield: VIIl-23 (AMNH).
Stamford: VIII-1 (AMNII). LakevilU: VII-14 (:Malkm). S. Norivalk:
VII-IO (AMNII). New York. Ithaca: VI-26 to VIII-22 {C\]), Olcott:
VII-17 to VlII-16 (CU). Lockport: VII-24 (CU). Bear Mountain: VII-4
Pig. 4, Photi7ius Tnarginellns LeConte. Easton, Pennsylvania, VI-24-34, J. "W,
Green (CAS). Male genitalia: ventral, lateral, and dorsal views, arranged in that
order from left to right.
Vol. XXVIII] GREEl^': 'SUBARCTIC SPECIES OF PHOTINUS 575
to 28 (AMNII). iV. Fairhaven: VII-1 (CU). Pennsylvania. East on: VI-22
to VII-26, J. W. Green (CAS). Mt. Pocono: VII-14, J, W. Green (CAS).
Wyomissing:Yl-ld (MeClay). State College :YIl-2'3 (Frost). Pittsburgh:
VI-26 to VII-3 (CAS). New Jkrsey. lAnwood: VII-17, J. W. Green
(CAS). New Brunswick: VI-18 (AMNH). Ramscij: VI-29 to VII-Sl
(AMNH). A[pi7ie: VII-25 (AMXTI). Mt. Holly: VII-4 (Marx). Mary-
land. Sparrows Point: VII-5-34, J. W. Green (CAS). Odcnton: VII-14
(CU). West VirgixNia, Sistersville: VI-19 (CU). OHIO. Athens: VI-23
(UO). Sei-s^o Cowriit/; Eoosevelt Game Preserve, Vn-20 (UO). Cleveland:
VII-4 (AMNH). Delaware County: Vll-21 (OSU). Michigan. Ionia
County: VII-10^0 (Dreisbaeli). Indl^na. Cedar L.: VII-17 (INHS).
Albion: VII-8-35, 11. E. Brown. Ft. Sheridan: VllI-30 (Frost). Illinois.
Piits/?f/(/; VT-6, VII-8 (McClay). .17f/onY/um: VII-1 to VIII-8 (INHS).
Montieello: VII-2 (INHS). Evanston: VIII-7 (Marx). Justice: VII-23
(INHS). Kentucky. Quicksand: VI-25 (CU). Crailhope: VI-16^9, Carl
Cook (CAS). Tennessee. Johnson City: VI-12-51, 0. Bryant (CAS).
North Carolina. Bluck Mountain: VII-4-40, J. W. Green (CAS). South-
ern Pines: VI-6 (USNM); V-30 (NCDA). Raleigh: VI-6 to VII-11
(NCDA). Cherokee: VI-28 (UO). L. Toxaway: VI-22 (AMNH). Ala-
bama. Mt. Vcriion. Miwsiwsippi. Leakesville: V-23 (CU). Lucedale: VI-17
(CV) . Hattieshurg : VI-28 (A^HNII). Wisconsin. Platteville: VI-26 (UO).
Milw(mkee:yU-iO-Sd (AMNH). Winona to Stockton : VII-6-28, B. Boland
(USNM). Missouri. St. Charles: IX-20-01, G. W. Bock (U.Mo). Tex.\s.
No definite locality (AMNH). Quebec. Rouville County: X-7-02 (U.Mo).
Ontario. St. Cath.: VI-27 to VII-20, S. D. Hicks.
To confirm the identity of tliis species the genitalia of LeContes types
at the Museum of Comparative Zoolof^^y were examined. Tlie very pale
form of P. margineUus, uniformly dingy whitish testaceous above, was
described as P. cast us by LeConte, who subsequently reduced it to synon-
ymy. In the Leng" Catalogue P. cast us was again accorded specific rank.
Because of the very great interspecific diversity occurring in the male
genitalia of this division of Photinus, it woul<l be illogical to consider
P. castus and P. margincllus, having identical genitalia, as two distinct
species. Possibly P. castus is entitled to subspeciiic standing, as it is found
in localities wliere the pigmented form does not occur. This course has
not been followed herein because of the completely intergrading color
phases connecting the two extremes. A similar condition is noted in the
following species, and also in several species of Division II.
(5) Photinus curtatus Green, new species
HOLOTYPE. MALE; Gros.se He, ^Yaync County, Michigan, VII-31-50,
George Ste\'skal. In collection of California Academy of Sciences.
576
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Proc. 4tii Ser-
Form as in P. marginelhis. Pronotum with narrowly subtriangular
median dark spot, widest in front, scarcely entering anterior coarsely punc-
tate area, narrowing posteriorly, nearly attaining base. Scutellum and
mesonotal areas dusky ^ scutellum paler apically. Elj^ra brownish pieeouSj
sutural bead flavate to scutellum, lateral pale border wider, exceeding
width of explanate margin medially, rather broadly continuous around
apex. Ventral segments 2 to 4 piceous brown, 5 pale with basal border
irregularly brownish, 6 to 9 pale; pygidium pale.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye* Disk
of pronotum minutely and sparsely punctulate, Epipleurae as in P. mar-
ginellus. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous. Aedeagus
as in figure 5, pale flavate. Length 7.25 mm.
FEMALE. Alate, similar to male. Eyes smaller, separated by more
than diameter of eye. Ventral segments 2 to 5 brownish pieeoiis, 5 with
irregular pale apical border, 6 luminous in median third or more of wddth,
6 to 8 pale, more or less brownish baso-laterally.
VARIATIONS. The pronotal dark spot, usually triangular, may be
reduced to a small sublinear macula t ion, or it may be vittiform and only
slightly narrowing posteriorly. The color of the elytra varies from a fully
pigmented dai^k brown to a very dilute brownish gi^ay. Length 6-8 mm*
DISTRTBLTTION. New York (extreme western). Hamburg : 1 para-
type, VI-21-08, M. C. Van Duzee (CAS), Rainds: 1 paratype, VII-2-33
(CU). Woodville: 2 paratypes, VI-20-38, W, T, M. Forbes (CU). Lan-
caster: 1 paratype, VI-25-46, R. 11. Beamer (U.Kans); 2 paratypes, VI-
Fig. 5. Photinus curtcittis Green, new species. Holotype; Gross He, Wayne
County, Michigan, VII-31-50, Geo. Steyskal (CAS). Male genitaUa: ventral, lateral,
and dorsal views, arranged in that order from left to right.
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN : NEARCTIC StPECtES OF PHOTINUS 577
28-08, M. C. Van Biizee (CAS); 2 paratypes, M. C. & E. P. Van Duzee
(CAS). Ohio. Cohimhus: 2 paraty])es, 1 female, VI-27 & 28-51, R. M.
Goslin (CAS); large series, VI-27 (OSM). Delaware County: 1 paratype,
VTT-2, I). J. & J. N. Kniill (OSU). Franklin County: 8 examples, Clinloii
Township, VI 1-8 (OSM). JIichigan. Grosse lie, Wayne County: liolotype,
20 paratypes, 1 female, VII-12 to VIII-1-50, Geo. Steyskal (CAS) ; 1 para-
type, VII-12-50, Geo. Steyskal (Frost). Detroit: 1 male, 1 female, VII-20,
Summcrville. Oakland County: 2 paratypes, VII-24-32, A. W. Andrews
(CU); 1 male, 1 female, VII-26 (U.Mieli). Illinois. Ft. Sheridan: 2 para-
types, VIII-12-23, F. Psota (CNHM). De KiiJh County: 4 paratypes
(INHS). Douville: 2 paratypes, VII-16-30, Frison & Hottes (INIIS).
Putnam County: 1 paratype, VI-24-32, M. 0. Glenn (INHS). Lilly: 1
paratype, VI-11-J4 (CAS). Florence: 1 male, Vll-6 (MeClay). Riverside:
1 male, VII-13 (U.llich). Hey worth: 2 paratypes, VI-24 & 27, Woleott
(USNM). Peoria: 3 paratypes, VII-14-23, F. A. McDermott (USNM) ; 3
I)aratypes, same data (CAS). Cairo: 1 i)aratype, VII-25, H. S. Barber
(USNJM). Iowa. Iowa City, Wiekhani : 4 itaratypes (U.Mo); 5 paratypes
(USNM); 5 paratypes, VII-2 (USNM); 1 paratype, 1 female, VIT-21
(USNM); 2 paratypes, VI-25-98 (USNM). Mt. Pleasant: 1 paratype,
VII-19-28 (USNM). McGregor: 1 male, 2 females, VII-15 (U.Mich). No
definite locality: 1 male, 1 female (SDSC). South Dakota. Vermillion:
2 males, VII~-20 & 22 (SDSC). Nebraska. Malcolm: 1 paratype, VT 1-9-09,
C. R. Oertel (Frost). Palmyra: 1 male, 2 females, VI 1-3 (McClay). Kan-
sas. Baldiri),: 1 paratype, 1 female, VI-17-06, J. C. Bridwell (CAS); 1
paratype, Vi-7 to ll-OG (CAS); 8 examples, VI-7 to 11-06 (OSC). RUey
County: 4 paratopes, VII, VII-2, VII-17, Popenoe (USNM); 1 female,
VII-10 (CAS); 1 male, VII (KSC). Topckn: 2 males, Popenoe (KSC) ; 2
paratypes, Popenoe, eoU. Ashmead (USNM); 1 paratype, Popenoe (CAS).
Leavenworth: 1 paratype, VII-23— 13, M. V. Marshall (CAS). Douglas
Comity: 1 I'iii'atype, Vl-21-21, Robert Gucntert (U.Kans). Argentine: 3
paratypes, 1 female, VII-10-06 (U.Mo). Oklaho.^ia. Major County: 1 male,
VI-26-30, R. D . B i rd ( C A S ) .
There are apparently no external characters separating this species
from P. margineUvs. Males are identifiable only by their genitalia, and
females l)y association with the males.
(6) Photinus floridanus Fall
Photinus fioridanm Fall, 1927, Brooklyn Eut. Soc, Bull.. 22:210.
MALE. Form as in P. marginellus. Pronotum with median dark vitta
nsnally attaining base but not quite apex, narrowin**- posteriorly, expanding
diffusely in anterior coarsely punctate area. Scuteliuni and mesonotal areas
dark pieeous. Elytra dark brownish piceous, sutural bead flavate nearly
578
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Proc, 4x11 Ser.
to sciitelliim, lateral pale harder wider, somewhat exceeding width of ex-
planate mar^^in medially, narrowly eontiniioxis aroimd apex. Ventral seg-
ments 2 to 4 pale brownish^ 5 to 9 pale; pygidium pale, usually with narrow
median brownish vitta broadening basally.
Eyes large J separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotum minutely and sparsely punctulate, Epipleurae as in P, mar-
ginelMs. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous. Aedeagns as
in figure 6.
FEMALE. Alatej similar to male. Eyes sniallerj separated by more
than diameter of eye. Ventral segments 2 to 4 dark pieeous, 5 pieeous wdtli
pale apical border, 6 pale, luminous in median tliird or more of width, 7
and 8 pale brownish.
LENGTH. Both sexes, 5.25-6.5 mm,
DISTRIBUTION. Florida. GainesvUle: Paines Prairie, VII-9 (CU).
Enterprise: XI-10 (AMNH); V-16, nul)bard & Schwarz (USNM). Dune-
din: IV-14-16, W. S. Blatehley (CAS); IV- 2 to 14, Mank (CU). Lake
Placid: Arehbold Biol. Station, 1-27 (AMNH). Sanford: V-4 (AMNH).
FruitvUle: VHI-ll-SO, R> lU Beamer (U.Kans). LaljeUe: VII-19-48,
B. T. McDermott (U.Kans); IV-27 (AMNII). Crescent City: IV-22
(AMNH); V-16, Hubbard & Schwarz (USNM). Lale Okeechohee: South
Bay, V-2 (AMNH). Paradise Key: 11-22 to III-19 (USX:\r). Lake Alfred:
Vli-13 & 18, L, Bottimer (USNM). Biscayiie Bay: (AMXII).
Fig. 6. Photiniis floridanus FalL Lake Alfred, Florida, VII-18-28, L. Bottimer,
(USNM). Male genitalia: ventral, lateral, and dorsal views, arranged in that order
from left to right.
Vol. XXVIIT] GREEN: NEARCTIC SPECIES OF FfWTINUS
579
(7) Photinus sabulosus Green, new species
HOLOTYPE. MALE; Baltimore, Maryland, VII-21, F. E. Blaisdell.
In collection of California Academv of Sciences.
Form as in P, margineJlus. Pronotum with triangular median dark
spotj widest in front where it is about half as wide as convex disk, diffusely
entering anterior coarsely punctate area, narrowing posteriorly, nearly at-
taining base. Sciitelluin dark piceous, niesonotal areas somewhat paler.
Elytra piceous black, sutui al bead flavate to scutellum, lateral pale border
wider, exceeding width of explanate margin medially, rather l>roadIy eon-
tiniions around apex. Ventral segments 2 to 4 brownish fuscous, somewhat
mottledj 5 to 9 pale; pygidium mahogany brow^n medially, sides pale.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotum minutely and sparsely punctulate, Epipleurae as in P. mar'
ginellus. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous. Pygidium
densely and irregularly j)unctate, punctures in part somewhat elongate and
open posteriorly; surface strongly longitudinally Immped or roof-shaped;
apex broadly truncate and bisimiate, produced at middle in a feeble lobe.
Aedeagiis as in figure 7, lateral lobes densely selerotized, black except
basally. Length 7.5 mm,
FEMALE. Alate, similnr to male. Eyes smaller, separated by more
than diameter of eye. Ventral segments piceous brow^n, 5 largely pale
mediallvj 6 luminous in median third or more of width, more or less pale
each side. Pygidium narrowly rounded at apex, not abnornuilly elevated
Fig. 7, Phofhuis aabitlosus Green, new species. Holotype; Baltimore, Maryland,
VII-21, F, B, Blaisdell (CAS). Male genitalia: ventral, lateral, and dorsal views,
arranged in that order fi'om left to right.
580 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4th See.
longitudinally, pimctation similar to male, less dense except along apical
and lateral borders,
VARIATIONS. The proiiotal spot may be vittiform, narrowing only
slightly posteriorly and attaining the basal margin, or it may be reduced
to a pale brownish infuscation. The color of the elj^tra varies in being oc-
casionally somewhat paler. Length 6-7.5 mm.
DISTEIBUTION. New York. Ithma: 2 females, VII-15 & 26-90 (CU) ;
1 paratype, Butternut Creek: VII-21-17, TI. Dietrich (CU). Pennsyl-
vania. Delaware County: 1 paratype, VIlI-2, W. J. Gerhard (CNIIM).
Allegheny County: E. A. Klages: 1 paratype, 3 females (CAS); 1 para-
type, 3 females (CU); 1 paratype, 2 females, VI-11 (CU); 2 females,
VII-18-29 (CU). Allegheny: 2 paratypes, J. B. Smith (USNM). Ell wood
City: 1 paratype, VII-16-24 (CAS). Humnichtoum: 2 paratypes, 1 fe-
male, VI-26-33 (OSU); 1 paratype, Vll-S (OSU) ; 1 female, YII-15
(OSU). Lewishurg: 1 paratype, VI-24^4, H. S. Barber (USNM). Glen-
side: 3 paratypes, VI-17 & 24-OG, G. M. Greene (USNM). Petjuea: 2 para-
types, IX-1-24, II. S. Barber (USNM). Pittsburgh: 1 paratype, VI-30
(CAS). Jeanette: 5 examples, VI-17 (OSC). No definite locality: 1 male,
3 females (SDSC); 1 paratype, 2 females (U.Mo); 1 paratype, 1 female,
VI-17, H. G. Kluges (CAS). New Jersey. Fort Lee: 1 male, VI-22-39
(Mnlkin). EngUwood: 1 female, VII-25-20, E. D. Quirsfeld (CU). Mary-
land. Plummers Iskmd: 1 female, VI-29-13 (INIIS); 1 paratype, VI-28-
05, II. S. Barber (CAS); 2 paratypes, VT-29-19, VI-27-05, H. S. Barber
(USNM). Baltimore: holotype, 7 paratypes, 4 females, VII-2 to 21-09,
F. E. Blaisdell (CAS); 1 paratype, VII-6-09, F. E. Blaisdcll (Frost).
Cabin John Bridge: 1 female, vi-23-29, J. C. BridwcU (USNM). Priest
Bridge: 1 female, VlI-31-29, 11. S. Barber (USNM). Beltsville: 1 female,
VII-30-32, TI. S. Barber (USNM). Bdhcsda: 1 paratype, VII-8-51, D. AV.
Boddy (Malkiii). Glen Echo: VI-23 & 30-29, Bridwell, 7 paratypes, 6
females (USNM) ; 1 paratype (CAS) ; 1 paratype (Frost). Berwyn: VII-22
& 31-27, A. B. Gahan, 9 paratypes (USNM); 1 paratype (CAS). District
OF Columbia. Washingto7i: 2 paratypes, VII-4 & 5, Hubljard & Schwarz
(USNM); 7 paratypes, VII-19-26, II. S. Barber (USNM); 1 paratype,
VII-13-30, .1. C. Bridwell (USNM); 2 paratypes, Rock Creek Park, VIII-
8-28, 11. S. Barber (USNM). Virginia. Nelson County: 1 female, VII-5-25,
AV. Rol)inson (USNM). Buff (do Creek: 1 paratype, ^^"11-5-27, Chamberlain
(CU). West Virginia. AV. Suli)hur; 1 paratype, VII-3-12, AV. Robinson
(USNM). Berkeley: 1 paratype, Tliilibard & Scliwarz (USNAI). North
Carolina. Riddgh: 3 paratypes, VI-30-25, C. S. Brimley (CAS); 1
female, VI-15-22, C. S. Brimley (CAS). Ohio. Athens, AV* C. Stehr: 2
paratypes, VII-9-34 (CAS); 1 paratype, Aa-30-34 (CAS); 1 female,
Aa-20-34 (CAS); 5 examples, Aa-20 to VIII-9 (UO). Athens County,
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTW SPECIES OF PHOTINUS
5S1
W. 0. Stehr: 1 female, Canaan Township, VIl-24-47 (CAS); 1 female,
Lodi Township, VI-26-17 (CAS); 2 examples, Lodi Townsliip, VI-23
(TJO); 3 examples, The Plains, VI-19 & 20 (UO). ChilHcothe: 1 female,
VI-24 (OSM). Buckeye Lake: 1 female, VITT-S (OSM). Del,, ware County:
1 paratype, VIII-2, D. J. & J. N. Knull (OSU). Green Countjf: 1 pai-a-
type, VI-8-50, D. J. & J. N. KniUl (OSU). Scioto County: 1). J. & J. N.
Knull: 1 female, VI-17-44 (CAti); 2 females, Vl-10 & 17^4 (OSU).
Jlocking County: \). J. & J. N. Knull, 1 paratype, VII-2 (CAS); 3 para-
types, 3 females, VI-20, VI-24, VII-2 (OSU). SJwivnee Forest: 1 female,
VI-9 (OSU). Pomeroy, Meigs County: 1 example, VI-29 (UO). Zahski,
Lake Hope; 3 feinale.s, VI-22, Ralj)h Leonard (UO). Tm.inois. Dubois: 1
female, VII-3-09 (INHS). Kentucky. Livingston: 1 paratype, VI-17,
Hubbard & Schwarz (USNM). Tennessee. Elmwood: 3 paratypes, 1 fe-
male, V, Corse (U.Mo). Nashville: 1 paratype, VI-23-93, H. Soltau
(USNM). MissisKU'Pi. Lucedale: 4 paratypes, 1 female, V-11 to 28, 11.
Dietrich (CU).
Males of P. sahuJosus are easily distinguished from all related species
by the strongly roof-shaped pygidium. In the female the pygidium is also
charaetpristic in l)cinG: of a darker color and inore strongly selerotized tlian
iiRiial, RTid with the modified piinetation as described above,
(8) Photinus acuminatus (rteen, new species
HOLOTYPE. arALK; base of Mt. Pisgah, T^orth Carolina, VII^14^
1939, I). L. Wrav. In collection of California Acadoniv of Sciences.
Form distinctly 1)ronder than in P. warginelhis. Pronotnm witli broad
Fig. 8. Photinus aciiminatiis Green, new species. Holotype; Base of Mt. PiBgah^
North Carolina, VII-14-39, D. L. Wray (CAS). Male genitalia: ventral, lateral, and
dorsal views, arranged in that order from left to right*
582 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tii Ser.
dark median vitta attaining base and diffusing^ in anterior coarsely i)une-
tate area without reaching a]>ox, widest in front where it slightly exceeds
half the width of convex disk^ feebly narrowing posteriorly to near base,
then expanding* Bciitellum and inesonotal areas dark piceous. Elytra dark
piceou.s brown, sutnrn] bead llavate nearly to scutelliim, lateral pale border
wider, exceeding width of explanate margin medially, rather broadly con»
tinuous around apex. Ventral segments 2 to 4 dark pieeous, 5 to 9 pale;
pygidiuni dark with sides indistinctly paler.
Eyes large, separated niediall^^ above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotum minutely and sparsely punctulate. Epipleurae as in I\ mar-
ffinelhis. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous, Aedeagus as
in figure 8, pale fulvous. Length 7,5 mm.
FEMALE, Alate, similar to male. Eyes smaller, separated by more than
diameter of eye. Pronotal vitta narrower and somewliat paler. Ventral
segments 2 to 4 pieeous brown, 5 pale fulvous with irregular darker macu-
lation baso-laterally and with apical border whitish testaceouSj 6 entirely
w^liitish testaceous, luminous in median third or more of width, 7 and 8
pale fulvous. Length 8.5 mm.
DISTRTRUTJON, Noktii Caeolina. Base of Mt. Pisgah, holotype,
Florida. Newberry: V-27-1927, M. D. Leonard, 1 female (CU).
Tliis spoeies looks quite unlike the other members of Division L It more
nearly resembles a small example of P. consangiiiiieiis, being similar to that
speeies in its broader shape, wide pronotal vitta, and wide lateral pale
border of the elytra. At present it is represented only by the unique male
and female examples above described*
(9) Photinus pyralis (Linne)
LampyriH pyralix Linne, 1767, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 2:644.
Lampyris rosata Gerniar, 1824, ins, Nov., p. 62.
Lampyris ceiitrata Say, 1825, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., 5:162.
Photinus henigniis LeConte, 1881, Amer. Ent, Soc, Trans., 9:35 (new synonymy).
MALE, Form as shown in fignre 19. Pronotum witli median dark spot
usually not attaining bawe and not entering anterior coarjseb^ punctate area
except sometimes diffusely; dark spot variable, usually narrowing posteri-
orly, sometimes much reduced and lightly colored, or al)scut altogether,
Scntelhuu and mesonotal areas fulvous. Elytra usually dark pieeous, vary-
ing to brownish, sutural bead fulvous, pale lateral border wider, not or
only slightly exceeding width of exi:)lauate margin, narrowly contiiuious
around apex. Ventral segments 2 to 4 dark pieeous or brown, 5 pieeous with
broad pale apical border, this sometimes extending to l>ase at sides, 6 to 9
pale; pygidium usually with sides broadly pale leaving a roughly T-shaped
median dark area.
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NE ARCTIC SPECIES OF PII0TINU8
583
Head not or feebly concave between eyes, surface smooth with simple
punctiilation. Eyes larj^e, separated medially above by less than diameter
of eye. Mandibles stouter, as compared with other species of Division II,
Disk of pronotum sparsely and minutely punctulate, with or without in-
pressed median longitudinal line. Pji)i]>leurae distinct, narrow postbasal
part much inflexed, attaining luminous segments. Ventral segments strong'ly
transversely convex^ 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous; apex of pygidium
narrowly rounded. Aedeagus as in figure 9,
FEMALE. Alate^ similar to male. Eyes smaller, separated by more
than diameter of eye. Ventral segment 5 with very narrow pale border,
sometimes scarcely evident, 6 to 8 pale brownish, 6 pale and luminous in
median tliird or more of widths 7 and sides of 6 sometimes darker i>iceous;
pygidiuni usually abruptly paler than ijrec-eding tergites.
LENGTH. Both sexes, 9-15 mnu
DISTRIBUTION. New York (southern); Pennsylvania; Ohio; In-
diana; Illinois; New Jersey; Maryland; Vikginl4; West Virginia; Ken-
tucky ; Tennessee ; North Carolina ; GicoHt ua ; Florida ; A la baji a ;
Mississippi; Louisiana; Arkansas; Missouri; South Dakota; Nebraska;
Kansas; Oklahoma; Texas, Also the following^ perhaps accidental intro-
ductions: Colorado, no definite locality, C, V. Riley collection (USNM);
Arizona, Phoenix, VI-2^2, E. S. Ross (CAS).
This abundant species, distributed thronghoiit an extensive territory,
is naturally subject to some variation. LeConte separated I\ bcnigiius from
P. pyralis on insignificant and variable characters that do not justify its
Fig, 0. Photiniis ijyralis (Linne). Johnson City, Tennessee, VI-12-51, Bryant
(CAS). Male genitalia, dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, arranged in that order
from left to right.
584
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Proc, 4th Ser,
retention as a named taxonomic unit* In the Brownsville region of Texas
there is developing an incipient race characterized by a smaller average
isize, shorter antennae, dusky scutelhim, entirely dark pygidiunij and
slightly more acntely rounded elytral apices. Not one of these distinctions
is as yet sufficiently stabilized to permit an accurate segi^egation of this
form. A most unusual variant ^ perhaps an abnormal specimen, is a male
from Uvalde, Texas, in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences.
It is rather broader than is normal for P. pyraUs; the pronotum, scixtellumj
and mesonotal areas are clear fulvous, the pronotal dark spot totally
lacking; the elytra are entirely black, the exj)lanate lateral margins only
slightly less dark; and the pale apical border of ventral segment 5 is very
feebly indicated.
(10) Photinus australis Greeny new species
HOLOTYPE. MALE. Snead, Florida, VI-15-51, Price, Beamer, and
Weed. In collection of Universitv of Ivansas.
Form less elongate than in P. pyralis. Prouotum with l)lack median
vitta of nearly uniform width throughout, attaining base but not apex,
expanding diffusely in anterior coarsely punctate area. Scutellum fulvous,
mesonotal areas dusky. Elytra dark piccous, nearly blacky sutural bead
fulvouSj pale lateral border somewhat wider than explanate margin, of
nearly uniform width and rather sharpl}^ defined internally from humerus
to apical third, thence narrow and poorly defined, narrowly continuous
around apex. Ventral segineuts 2 to 5 fuscous, eacli with a narrow fulvous
Fig, 10. Photinui^ australis Green, new species. Paratype; N. Wilkesboro, North
CaroUna, V^II-34, F. Peiimutter (CAS). Male genitaUa: dorsal, lateral, and ventral
views, arranged in that order from left to right.
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NE ARCTIC SPECIES OF PH0TINU8 585
submedian fascia nuliilously defined, surface posterior to fascia largely
pale in segment 4 and entirely pale in segment 5, segments 6 to 9 pale;
pygidium with sides broadly pale-
Head concave between eyes, surface roughened wdth irregular granu-
lose punetation; eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter
of eyej their inner margins distinctly converging anteriorly; mandible:*
slender. Disk of pronotum minutely and sparsely punctulate. Epipleurae
narrow exce]>t at l)ast% strongly inflexed, attaining abdomen. Ventral seg-
ments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous. Aedeagus as in figure 10, Length
8 mm.
FEMALE, Alate, similar to male. Head not concave between eyes but
with similar granutose punetation; eyes smaller, separated by more than
diameter of eye. Pronotal vitta broader, narrowed near base. Ventral seg-
ments 2 to 5 pieeous brown, 5 with broad pale apical border^ 6 pale, more
or less fuscous each side^ luminous in median third of width, 7 and 8 tinged
with lirown.
VARIATIONS. The pronotal vitta may not quite attain the l)asal
margin, varying in color from black to pale browm. The scutelhim and
mesonotal areas may be entirely pale, oi^ the base of the sciitellum and ad-
johiing area may be dusky. Ventral segments 2 to 4 of the male may be
definitely pale only at the sides, or with both apical and lateral borders pale.
Length 6.5-10,25 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Indiana. Vincennes: 2 males, VIT-U (UJIich).
Illinois. Duhois: 1 para type, VII-2-09 (INTTS). North Carolina. N.
Wilkeshoro: 1 juiratype, VII-2-34, E. PeHnuitter (CAS). Georgia, .4^-
Imita: 1 paratype, Vl-24-38, I\ W. Fattig (CAS) ; 1 paratype, VII-13-tO,
I\ W. Fattig (CAS); 1 female, VlI^8-37, P. W. Fatti- (CAS) ; 1 female,
VII-16-47, l\ W. Fattig (USNM). Ellijay: 1 paratype, VII-20^5, P. W.
Fattig (CAS). Florida. Snead: holotype, 3 paratypes, ¥1-15-51^ Price,
Beamcrs, & Weed (U.Kans); 2 paraty]ies, same data (CAS). Alabama.
CUhttnie Comity: 1 male, Summit of Mt. Cheaha, VII-5 fU3Iich). Missis-
SiPPL Hattieshurg: 3 paratypes, Camp Shelby, VII-7 & 10, C. D. Miehener
{AMNR), Meridian: 1 paratype, VII-12-95/h. Soltau (USNM). Missouri.
Cameron: 1 male, VII-4 (McClay). Jefferson CUy: 1 male, VII-18 (W. W.
Dowdy, Lincoln University).
The principal charaeter>s separating both sexes of P. australis from
P. pyndis and P. scintinans are summarized as follows:
Males of P. mistraUs differ from P, pyraliR in their smaller average size
and less elongate form; larger eyes witli their inner margins above more
definitely converging anteriorh^; smaller and more slender mandibles;
more approximate antennae; the head concave between the eyes with the
586
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[pROc. 4tti Ser.
surface subgraimlosely punctate; and ventral segments 2 to 4 not totally
dark piceous.
Females of P. mistraUs differ from P, pyralis in their smaller and more
slender mandibles; and the snbgranulose punetation of the head between
the eyes.
Males of P. mistralis differ from P, scintiUans in their larger average
size; larger eyes witli their inner margins above more definitely converging
anteriorly; w^ider epipleurae; more or less fuscous or piceous ventral seg-
ments 2 to 4; and in having the dorsal surface of the median lobe of the
acdeagus membraneous in about distal third.
Females of P. australis differ from P. scintiUans in not being bra-
ehypterous.
(11) Photinus scintiUans (Say)
Lampyris scintiUans Say, 1825, Acad, Nat, Sci. Philadelphia, Jour,, 5:163,
AIjE. Form as in P. inarginellus. Prunotum witli median brownish
spot about one-third to one-fourth as Avide as convex disk, widest in front
and narrowing posteriorly, usually not attaining base or apex, Scutellum
pale with base more or less dusky, rarely entirely dark; mesnnotal areas
pale* Elytra dilute reddish Ijrown, varying to darker piceous, sutural bead
flavate, lateral pale border confined nearly to explanate margin, well de-
fined only in darker specimens. Ventral surface of abdomen entirely pale,
rarely segments 2 to 4 are faintly dai'ker.
Head concave between eyes, surface roughened with irregular granulose
Fig. 11, PJiotinus seintiUmifi (Say). Easton. Pennsylvania, VI-13-34, J. W.
Green (CAS). Male genitalia: dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, arranged in that
order from left to right.
Vol. XXVIIIJ GREEN: NE ARCTIC SPECIES OF PHOTINVS 587
piinctatioii; eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter
of eye, Di.sk of ].n^oiiotuni finely and sparsely punetulate, median line
distinctly impressed, at least in part. Epipleurae very narrow except at
base, scarcely attaining metacoxae. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, en-
tirclv Inminons. Aedeas^us as in fiuiire 11.
FEMALE. Dissimilar, brachypterons, texture firm. Form compact,
abdomen usually somewhat inflated and distinetlv wider than elvtra. Eves
siuallei', separated by aliout diameter uf eye. Elytra varying from one-
fourth longer to nearly twiee as long as pronotum, strongly dehiscent from
seutellum. Ventral segment 6 luminous in median tliird or more of witltli.
Color pattern as in male.
LENGTH. Both sexes, 6.5-8.5 mm.
DTF^TRTBUTION. New York. New Yorl-: Van Cortland Park, VI-
27-40 (Malkin). Stnten Inland: (AMNH). Pennsylvania. Easton: VI-7
to VIII-27, mostly VI (CAS). York Count if.- Wasliington Township,
VII-11-53, P, J. Si>angler (CAS); betters Mill, VI-9-49, P. J. Spangler
(U.Mo & CAS). Lewisburg: VI-24-44, H. S. Barber (USNM). Alleyhentj
Counlij: VI-11, E. A. Klages (CU). Hummelsfoini: VI-24 & VII-10
(O^V). Bethlehem. -yi-Ol (C^llM). Lfnhart.svmc .■VU-S (AMXII). Wijo-
missing: VI-21 (':McCIa\-). New Jer^^ey. NewnrJ:: VI-10 (AMXir). New
Brunmrick : Yl-19 (AMNPI). Ramsrij: VI-29, VII-6 (AMNH). Boonton:
VI-20-01, G. M. Greene (USNM). Alpine: VTI-9^8, J. G. Eozen (U.Cal).
Maryland. Glcn Echo: VI-23-29, J. C. Br id well (USNM). Plummers
fslund: VII-23-20, II. S. Barber (USNM) ; VI-6-19 (CNHM). Baltimore:
VII-6 & 12-09, F. E. Biaisdell (CAS). Dktrict of Colu.mbia. Wushington:
VII-13, IIul)l)ard & Sdiwarz (rSX:\I). Delaware. Newark: V-28 (TNHS).
Wilmington: V-5-38, F. A. McDermott (i:^SXM). Vir«inl\. Great Falls:
VI-6^1 (Malkin). Black Pond: VII-1-26, H. S. Barlier (USNM).
ThiK species bears a close sui)crficial resemblance to the more al)undaut
and much more widely distril)uted P. ynargincUus, and the two have often
l)een found indisci'iminatcly mixed in collections. External differences
readily separating the males, of specimens in good condition, are as fol-
lows: In P. scintiUuHii the head is concave between the eves with the sur-
taee irregularly j»ranulose-punetate; liie underside of the abdynicn is
entirely pale; the exposed part of the last ventral segment is narrowly sub-
triangular; and tlie epipleurae are distinctly visible only basally. In
/\ marqinfUus the head is flat lietween the eves with tlie surface not n;nin-
ulose; the basal segments of the abdomen beneath are brown or fuseous; the
exposed part of the last ventral segment is more broadly subtrian::|ular,
nearly equilateral; and the epipleurae are wider^ less abruptly narrowed
basally^ and quite distinct as far as the luminous segments.
588
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Prog. 4th Seb.
(12) Photinus brimleyi Green^ new species
.1
Photinus brimleyi Wray not Green, nomen 7iudum, 1950, North Carolina Dept*
Agric, 2nd Sup* Ins. of N. C, p. 16,
HOLOTYPE. Male. Crailhope, Kentucky, VII-8-46, Carl Cook. In
collection of California Academy of Sciences.
Form similar to P. consanguineMS. Pronotiim witli median dark spot
not attaining base or apex, narrowing posteriorly, abruptly wider in front,
diffusely entering anterior coarsely punctate area. Scutelhnn and meso-
notal areas pale fulvous. Elytra dark brownish pieeous, sutural bead fulvous,
lateral pale border wider, distinctly exceeding width of explanate margin
medially, rather broadly continuous around apex; epipleurae entirely pale
fulvous. Ventral segments 2 to 5 piceous black, 6 to 9 pale; pygidium dark.
Eyes large, sepai'ated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronutiun finely and sparsely punctulate, impressed median longitudinal
line defined by convexity of surface each side. Epipleurae narrow except
at base, attainiiig abdomen. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely lumi-
nous, Aedeagus as in figure 12, pale fulvous, lateral lobes darker except
at base and apex. Lengtli 10.5 mm.
FEMALE, Dissimilar, brachypterous. Body elongate^ of soft larval
texture, pale fulvo-testaceous throughout, elytra basally and pronotum
anteriorly somewhat dai'ker, pronotum without inedian dark spot, elytra
without paler borders. Eyes smaller, separated by slightly more than diam-
eter of eye. Elytra one-third longer tlian pronotum , attaining basal margin
Fig. 12, PJiotinus brimJei/i Green, new species, Holotype; CraUhope, Kentucky,
VII-8-46, Carl Cook (CAS), Male genitalia: dorsal, lateral, and ventral views,
arranged in that order from left to right.
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PHOTINUS 589
of tergite 2, strongly deliiscent from near seutellum. Abdomen above finely
and densely graniilate-piinetnte. Ventral segment 6 Inminous in median
third of width; pygidimn narrowly rounded at apex. A single example
collected at Crailhope, Kentucky, by Carl Cook, Vn-2-49, in collection
of California Academy of Sciences. Length 11.75 mm,
VARIATIONS. The pronotal spot vaines as usual in size, and in color
from nearly black to pale brown, rarely entirely lacking. The median longi-
tudinal impression of the pronotum varies from quite deep to shallow, or
nearly obliteivited* The color of the elytra varies to a somewhat dilute
brownish pieeous^ witli the sutnral pale border expanding slightly toward
base. In one specimen from the type locality, apparently conspecific, the
pronotal spot is broadly vittiform, as in P. consanguine us ^ nearly reaching
the basal margin. This specimen is also anomalous in having the lateral
pale border of the elytra confined nearly to the explanate margin. Length
8-12.5 mm.
DISTRIBUTION, Kentucky. Crailhope: holotype, 167 paratypes. 1
female, V-14 to VIII-21, Carl Cook (CAS); 30 paratypes, same data
(U,Kans, AilXII, OSU, INIIS, USNM, CU, ANSP, CNHM, CM, Frost,
Malkin), North CARorjNA. Rende/rsonvilJe : 2 males, VI~1907, P. Sherman
(CAS) ; 1 male (NCDA). Georgia. Eabun Couniy: 4 males, VII (AMNH).
Fort Moimtain: 1 male, VII-9-37, P. W. Pattig (CAS), Arkansas. Cove:
7 males, VI-20-38, L. W. Hepner (U.Kans), Scott County: 3 males, VIII-
24-28, R. II. Beamer (U-Kans).
The author is greatly indebted to Carl Cuuk, of Crailhope, Kentucky,
for the large series of paratypes of this species, and for the female specimen
described uljove* A second female received from ilr. Cook was sent to the
late II. S. Barber^ who at that time exi>ected to revise the U. S. species.
The first specimens of I\ hrimleyi were sent in by the late C. S. Brimley,
of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Examples returned to
him witli the inanuscript name ^'Fhofinns hrimieyr* were responsible for
the nomen niidiim appearing in tlie second su]>plement of the Insects of
North Carolina (Wray, 1950)* It is prol)able that additional species re-
lated to I\ hrimleyi may occur in the western limits of its range. Inade-
quate material from Arkansas suggesting this possibility has been found
in several of the collections examined,
DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS. Male: form similar to P, consffnguin-
etis: ventral segments 2 to 5 entirely dark piceous; genitalia of the P. punc-
tulatus group; disk of pronotum inimUely and sparsely pnnctnhilc; lateral
pale border of elytra nuich wider than explanate margin; epipleurae
entirely fidvous; seutellum and mesonotal areas fulvous; pygidium and
preceding tergites concolorouSj dark piceons. Female brachypterous.
590 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Phoc\ 4tii Ser,
(13) Photinus punctulatus LeConte
Fhotinus punctulatus LeConte, 1851, Acad. Nat, Sci. Philadelpliia, Proa, (2), 5:335,
MALE. Form similar to P, pryalis. Pronotum with central dark spot
narrowing posteriorly, nearly attaining base. Sciitelluni nsnally piceoiis
or black with pale apex, varying to entirely pale; mesonotal areas fulvous.
Elytra dark piceons or black, sutural bead and narrowly explanate side
margin pale fulvous, pale color more or less distinctly continuous around
apex; epipleurae fuscous basally. Ventral segments 2 to 5 piceous black,
6 to 9 pale; pygidiuni abruptly pale fiavate, preceding tergitcs dark pieeous.
Eyes large, separated medially alcove by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotum closely punctate, punctures small, impressed, seiia rated by
about their diameters, sometimes finer on pale areas; median longitudinal
line narrow and deeply impressed, Epipleurae very narrow except at base^
scarcely attaining abdomen. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely lumi-
nous. Aedeagus similar in structure to figure 12.
FEMALE. Dissimilar, elongate, brachypterous ; texture firm. Eyes
smaller J separated l>y more than din meter of eye. Antennae shorter. Elytra
very short, sul)equal in length to pronotum, not extending beyond first
abdominal tergite, strongly dehiscent from near soutellum, Pronotum and
elytra colored as in male; abdomen above pieeous black or brown, lateral
and sometimes apical borders of tergites more or less rufous, pygidiura
pale. Ventral segment 6 pale and luminous in median third or more of
width.
LENGTH, Both sexes, 8:5-11 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Illinois. PUtsfield: VI-11-47, VI-8^8, B. Caldwell
(CAS) ; VI-20-52, B. Caldwell (U.Cal) ; IV-3 to VIII-4 (McClay). Peoria:
VI-25-24, F- A. McDermott (USNM); VIl-1 (INIIS). Springfield: VII-
2-38, J. W- Green (CAS). Havana: V^21-32, Ross & Mohr (CAS, INIIS).
Normal: V-28 (INITS). Woomington: VI-1 (INITS), Iowa, Iowa City:
VI-1-37, J, P. E. Morrison (USNM); VI-10 and VII-20, Wickham
(USNM). Mtsrot^rt. Sedalia: V-17-39, W. L. Wright (U.Mo), Yarrow:
V-13-50, Prank Weber (U.Mo), Lake of Ozarks: V-6^50, V- 1). Goodnight
(U3Io), Kansas. Lawrence: 900 ft,, E, S, Tucker (U-Kans), Oskaioosa:
V-11-49, R. 11, Beamer (UJvans). Atcliisori: V (USNil). Topeka: Popenoe
(KSC), Eiley County: V-2U P. Marlatt (CAS), Oklahoma. ConumchB
County: Wichita Mountains Game Refuge, F, B. Mc^Murry (USNM),
Texas, Nacogdoches: IV-6 (AMNII).
This species is one of the most easily recognized of the Nearetic fauna.
The pale pygidium, contrasting sharply with the preceding dark piceons
tergites, is duplicated only in the narrowly elongate P. HnefJlufi, occurring
in the extreme Southeast. The distinctly punctate pronotum is a unique
Vol, XXVIII] GREEN: NE ARCTIC SPECIES OF PH0TINU8
591
eharaetenstic of P. jmnctukitus, although it is approached somewhat in
P. frosti. In the latter si>eeies the pygidium and preceding tergites are coii-
colorous dark piceons,
(14) Photinus tenulcinctus Green, new species
IIOLOTYPE. MALE; Favetteville, Washington County, Arkansas,
VII-14-53, L. H. liolston. In collection of California Academy of Sciences^
Form similar to /^ consanguineus. Pronotiim with broad median dark
spot narrowing posteriorly and nearly attaining baae^ diffusing in anterior
punctate area witliout reaching apex. Base of seu tell urn and mesonotai areas
dark piceous, scutellum pale in al>out apical half. Elytra dark brownish
piceous^ sutural bead flavate, lateral pale border not wider, confined to
outer edge of explanate margin, narrowly continuous around apex; epi-
pleurae dusky throughout. Ventral segments 2 to 5 piceous black, 6 to 9
pale; pygidium dark.
Eyes large, separated medialiy above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotum finely arid rather closely punctulate, punctures more or less
granulate, esi:>eeially on pale areas; impressed median longitudinal line
defined by convexity of surface each side, E})ipleurae nan'ow except at base,
attaining; abdomen. Ventral seQ;nients 6 and 7 large, entirelv luminous.
Aedeagus as in figure 13, pale fulvous, lateral lobes mostly dark piceous.
Length 11.5 mm.
PE]MALE. Unknown, i>robably liraehypterous.
P^'ig, 13. Photutus' tenuicinctits Green, new species, Paratype; Mt. Sequoyali.
AVashington County, Arkansas, VI-20-38. M. W. Sanderson (CAS)- Male genitaUa:
dorsal, lateral, and ventral vi^ws, arranged in that order from left to right.
Di^iu
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Proc. 4th Seb,
VAEIATIONS. The pronotal vitta varies from one-third to three-fifths
as wide as the convex disk, and is iisnally broad at the basal extremity,
somewhat is in P, consanguineiis. The punetulation of the pronotal disk
may be almost entirely granulate, or granulate only at the sides. In one
undereolored individualj possibly teneral, the scutellum is entirely pale,
and the lateral pale border of the elytra appears to cover all of the ex])lanate
margin, althougli a vague demarcation in the usual place is discernible.
Length 8.5-11.5 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Arkansas. FayetteviUe, Wasliington County: VI-
14^53, L. H, Rolston: holotype, 8 paratypes (CAS); 4 paratypes (U.Ark);
1 paratype (Frost) ; 1 para type (OSIT), Mt. Sequoyah, Washington Coiinty :
M. W. Sandernon: 1 paratype, VII-17-38 (CAS); 1 paratype, VII-20-38
(CAS); 1 paratype, VI-20^38 (CAS); 1 paratype, VII-14-38 (INKS);
1 male, VI 1-8-40 (INIIS). Oklahoma. Locust Grove: 1 paratype, VI-
29-53/ D, J. & J. N, Knull (OSU). EllervUle: 1 paratype, VI-20-37,
Standish-Kaiser ( CAS ) .
This species is nniqne in our fauna in having the lateral pale border
of the elytra confined to the outer edge of the explanate margin. The author
is greatly indebted to Dr. L, H, Rolston for tlie good series from which
the holotype was selected,
(15) Photinus frosti Green, new species
HOLOTYPE. MALE; Levy County, Florida, IV-3-54, H. V, Weems,
Jr. In collection of California Academy of Sciences,
Fig, 14, Photinus frosti Green, new species, Holotype; Levy County, Florida,
IV-3-54, H. V, Weems, Jr. (CAS). Male genitalia: dorsal, lateral, and ventral views,
arranged in that order from left to right
Vol, XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC f^PECIEg OF PHOTINUS 593
Form similar to P. consanguineus. Pronotuiii with subtriangular cen-
tral dark spot not quite attaining base and not entering anterior coarsely
punctate area^ widest in front where it is about one-third as wide as convex
diskj narrowing i)Osteriorly. Scutellum piceous black, apiral half fulvous^
mesonotal areas clear pale fulvous. "Elytra piceous black, sntural bead
fulvouSj lateral pale border wider, scarcely exceeding width of explanate
margin medially, narrowly continuous around apex; epipleurae fuscous
basal ly. Ventral segments 2 to 5 black, 6 to 9 pale; pygidium dark piceous.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotiim with deep median longitudinal channel, surface more strongly
and closely i>unctate than usual, pimctures coarser on dark area, separated
by one to three times their diameters, smaller and less regularly spaced
than in P, punciulaius. Epipleurae very narrow except at base, attaining
abdomen. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous. Aedeagus as
in figure 14, pale fulvous, dorsal inner margins of lateral lobes feebly
infuscate subdistally. Length 9 nun.
FEMALE. LTnknown, probably braehypterous.
VARIATIONS, The single para type differs from the holotype in the
slightly paler elytra willi the fulvous borders continuing rather broadly
around the apices. Length 7,5 nmi.
DISTRIBUTION, Florida, Levy County: holotype. Louisiana. Ida: 1
paratype, VI-6-51, Price, Beamers, & Weed (UJvans),
This species is named in hunor of ilr. C. A. Frost, from wlioni the holo-
type was received, having been sent to him for identification l>y Dr. H, V,
Weems, Jr., of the Floi^ila State Plant Board. The author is R-reatlv in-
debted to Dr. Weems for permission to retain the holotype on permnnent
deposit in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, The com-
paratively coarse punctation of the pronotal disk distinguishes F. frosti
from all related species except P. punctuhitus. In the latter species the pro-
notal punctation is still coarser, closer^ and more regularly spaced; and the
pygidium is al)ru]>tly pale^ contrasting shar|)ly with the preceding dark
tergites. In P. frosti the i>ygidium and preceding tergites are concolorous
dark piceous.
(16) Photinus umbratus LeConte
Photinus mnbratus LeConte, 1878, Amer. PhUos. See, Proc, 17:407*
MALE. Form similar to P. consanguine us. Pi'onotum with median dark
spot not attaining l)ase or apex, narrowing posteriorly, abruptly and dif-
fusely expanding in anterior coarsely iuuictate area. Scutellum and nieso-
notal areas fulvous. Elytra piceous l)Iack, sutural bead and narroAvly ex-
planate lateral margin fulvous^ pale color distinctly limited internally,
594 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4Tri Ser.
narrowly continuous around apex. Ventral segnieiits 2 to 5 black, 6 to 9
pale; pygidiuin dark piceous.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotum minutely and sparsely punctulate^ punctures more or less sub-
granulate, at least at sides; median lons^itudinal line distinctly impressed,
Epipleurae very narrow and subobsolete except at base. Ventral segments
6 and 7 large, entirely luminous. Aedeagus pale fiavate, similar in struc-
ture to figure 15 ^ median lobe broader.
FEMALE, Alate, similar to male. Eyes smaller, separated by more
than diameter of eye. Ventral surface of abdomen dark pieeous, slightly
paler apically, segment 6 pale and luminous in median third or more
of widtlu
LENGTH. Both sexes, 6.5-8 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. North Carolina. Dunn: V-31 (NCDA). South
Carolina. Charleston: 11-11-32, on okra from Cuba (USNM). Georgia.
ThomasvUle: VI-14, P. W. Pattig (Em.U). Okefenokee Sivami): VII-25-39.
P, B. Lawson (UJvans). Florida, Baldwin: VI-1 (MCZ- LeConte type);
VI-10, Hubbard & Schwarz (USNM). Cocos Beach: VII (CU). Beland:
VII-S-39, A, T. Hardy (ILKans). Tampa: X-4 (MCZ -LeConte eoL).
Enterprise: (AMNTT). Lake Placid: ITT-6 to V-8, J. G, Needham (CU)«
Leeshurg: Lake Conntv, VIII-24-38, Hubbell & Priauf (CAS). Plant CUy:
VIII-15-30, J. 0, Nottingham (U.Kans). Sebastian: VII-27^8, H. W.
Crowder (U-Kans). Winter Park: IV-4, A. B. Klotz (AMNH). Jupiter:
V-19-4S, M. Cazier (AMXTT), Punta Gorda: IV-10^0, IL Eamstadt
(CNIIM). Alabama, Coivarts:Ylll-l (AMNII). MississippL Hattieshurg:
VII-30 (AMNTT), TAicedale: V-14^30/lL Dietrich (CU & CAS), Ware^
land: V-25-92, H. Soltan (USN:\T), Louisiana. PeaH River: VI-4-93,
H. Soltau (USNM).
This species is tJie only member of tlie F. punctulatus group in which
the female is known to be alate and simikir to the male. In color pattern it
closely resembles P. eoUiLsiranSf differing only in pronotal maculation —
the dark ai'ea median in P. imthratus and anterior in P. collustrans. Some-
times, although rarely, the pronotal dark area of P. coUiistrans may extend
posteriorly along the meditni channel in imitation of P. unihratus^ but
these atypical individuals may as a rule be readily identified by their more
elongate form and sliorter antennae.
(17) Photinus coUustrans LeConte
Photinus coUustrans LeConte, 1878, Amer, Pliilos, Soc, Proc, 17:407.
MALE, Form elongate^ as shown in figure 39. Disk of pronotnm rnfons
or fulvonSj anterior coarsely punctate area dark pieeous, more or less dif-
fusely so in frontj dark eoloi* sometimes extending posteriorly a short dis-
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PTTOTINVS 595
tance along median elianiiel. Seiitellum and mesonotal areas fulvous. Elytra
piccous blacky sutural l)ead and narrowly explanate lateral margin fulvous.
pale color distinctly limited internally, narrowly continuous around apex.
Ventral segments 2 to 5 piceons black, 6 to 9 pale; pygidium l)laok.
Eyes large^ separated medially above by less than diameter of eye,
Pronotuni only slightly wider than h}ng, usually broadlj^ rounded in f rontj
lateral margins sul)]>arallel; disk with deeply imprest^ed median longitu-
dinal channel extending to base, surface finely and sparsely punctuhite,
punctures more or less subgranulate laterally. Elytra each tapering posteri-
orly, lateral and sutural margins feebly converging from humerus to near
apex; ei)ipleurae subobsolete except at base. Ventral segments 6 and 7
large, entirely luminous; apex of pygidium bisinuately subtruneate. Aede-
agus pale fulvous, similar in structure to figure 15.
FEMALE. Dissimilar, elongate, brachypterous, of soft larval texture,
Pronotuni, scutellum, and elytra colored as in male; adl)onien pale fulvous
throughout^ terminal tcrgites sliglitly darker, ventral segment 6 wliitish
and luminous in median third or more of width. Eyes small, separated by
slightly more than diameter of eye. Elytra slightly longer than pronotum,
attaining middle of first abdominal tergite, strongly dehiscent from scu-
tellum. Three examples collected at Gainesville, Florida, V-25 & VI-5-47,
Jack Stevens (CAS).
LENGTH. Both sexes, 5.25-9,5 mm,
DISTKIBUTION. Georcja, OJ^efenoHe Siramp: VII-30^8, L. D.
Beamer (U. Kaus) ; Billy's Island, VI (CU). Dfcatur County: Spring
Creek, VI-7 to 23 (CU). FLORroA, Enterprise: V-20 (MCZ-LeConte
type); IV-23 (CAS); IV-24 (OSU), Fort Myers: lV-23 (AMMI);
VIII-11-30, L, D. Tuthill (U.Kans). Lake Placid: V-8 (CU). Lakeland:
XI-10 (AMNH), Kusimmcc: (AMXII). Eau GaUie: VIII-8 (U.Mieh).
Stuart: V-13 (UATich). DuneUen: VIIT-S (U-Mich), Fort Lauderdale:
IV-6-47, J. W. Green (CAS). Gainesville: V to VIII, J. Stevens (CAS),
Osceola County: IV-t-^SO (U.Fla), Ocafa N. F,: V-17-39, D. J. & J. N.
Knull (OSU). Arcadia, l)e Soto County: III-30-54, II. E. Evans (CUj.
Zolfo Sijrinifs, Hardee County: IV-2^li, G. Rueckert (CNIIM), Okee-
chobee: YU-d (UO).
(18) Photinus stellaris Fall
Photinus stelhtrU FaH, 1927, Brooklyn Ent. Soc, EuU., 22:210.
MALE. Form eIonf?ate, as in F. coUustrans. Pronotum without cen-
tral dark spot, convex disk rufous, coarsely punctate borders fiavate, tlie
anterior rarely somewhat dusky. Scutellum and mesonotal areas fulvous.
Elytra entirely black. Ventral segments 2 to 5 dark pieeous, 6 to 9 pale;
pygidium black.
596
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Proc, 4th Ser,
Eyes large^ separated medially above by less than diameter of eye,
Pronotuin only sliglitly wider than long, usually broadly rounded in front,
lateral margins subparallel; disk with deeply impressed median lonjyitii-
dinal ehannelj suiface irregularly punetulatej punctures fine and sparse
medio-anteriorly, eoariser and denser at sides and base. Elytra each taper-
ing posteriorlyj lateral and sutural margins feebly converging from hu-
merus to near apex; epipleurae subub:solete except at base. Ventral seg-
ments 6 and 7 large, entirely hnuinous; apex of i^ygldium Ijisiiiiuitely sub-
truncate. Aedeagus as in figure 15^ pale fulvous.
FEMALE. Dissimilar, elongate^ brachypterous, of soft larval texture-
Pronutunij scutellum, and elytra colored as in male; abdomen pale flavate
througliout, terminal tergites somewhat darker, ventral segment 6 whitish
and luminous in median third or more of width; legs pale. Eyes small,
separated by slightly more than diameter of eye. Antennae short and stout,
subcylindrical, segment 3 about one-third longer than 2, 2 to 10 each nearly
as wide as long. Elytra slightly shorter than pronotum, attaininn* first
abdominal tergite, strongly dehiscent from near seutellum. Three exam-
ples collected 7 miles S.E. of Fort Davis, Texas, V-15-28, Barber, Ijattimer,
& Kussell (USNM).
LENGTI-L Both sexes, 6.5^9 mm,
DISTEIBUTION- Texas, Alpine: VI-15 to 30, O, C, Poling (CAS);
V-1 to VIII-1 (CU). Marfa: VII^12-11, J. W, Green (CAS). Fort Davis:
V-15 to 25, 1X^15 to 30, X-15 (CU); Limpia Canyon, VII-15 (AMNH);
Fig. 15. PJwtinm stellaris FaH. 7 mi. SE Fort Davis, Texas, VI-22-48, H. S.
Barber (USNM). Male genitalia: dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, arranged in
that order from left to right.
VOL.XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTW SPECIES OF PHOTINUS 597
VI-12-48, H, S. Barber (USNM) ; 7 mi. S.E,, ¥1-12^8, Bai'bcr, Lattimer,
& Russell (USNM); V-15~28, CbaiTiberlain (CAS), Davis Blountains:
VI-2 (OSU). Brewster Count tj: VI-VII (CU, CAS). Uvalde County:
V-3 & 11 (OSU). Uvalde: IV-29-15, I). C, Parman (USNM). Val Verde
County: V-13 (OSU). Comal County: V-19 (OSU). Sonora: IV, V-3 &
9 (A & M.Tex). Del Rio: IV-13-49, Michener & Beamer (U.Kans), San
Juan: YI-28-38, L. W. Hepner (UJvaiis), Rio Frio: V-IHO, F: C. Pratt
(USNM). Mills: (AMNH),
(19) Photinus granulatus Full
PJiotiiius granukitiis Pall, 1927, Brooklyn Ent. Soc, BulL, 22:209.
MALE. Form similar to P, collustrans^ elytra less elongate, iii^snally not
reaebing abdominal apex, Proiiotuni with central sub triangular dark spot^
widest in front, not attainini*' base or apex. Seutelluin and mesonota! areas
pale fulvous. Elytra piceous l)laek or brown, sutural bead flavate, lateral
pale border somewbat wider medially than the very narrow explauate
margin, narrowly continuous around apex. Ventral segments 2 to 5 dark
piceouSj 6 to 9 pale; pygidium dark.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. An-
tennae short, subcylindric, feebly compressed distally. Prunotum usually
broadly rounded in front, lateral margins subi)arallel; disk with median
longitudinal channel shallow, often poorly defined and more or less obsolete
anteriorly, surface ratlier coarsely and irregularly granulate-punctate. Ely-
tra each tapering posteriorly, lateral and suturtil margins feebly converging
from hiunerus to near apex; epiplenrae obsolete except at base. Ventral
segments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous ; apex of pygidium l3roadly
rounded or subtruncate. Aedeagiis pale fulvous, similar in structure to
figure 15, median lobe Irr^jaderj ventro-l)asal processes rudimentary,
FEMALE. Dissimilar, elongate, brachypterous, apparently apterous.
Pale fulvous above and beneath, pronotuni with convex disk nubilously
fuscous anteriorlv. elvtra slightlv darker, mari*ins and base i)ale. Antennae
fuscous, short and stout, second segment subequal in lengtli to tliird. Eyes
smallj separated by slightly more tlian di^nneter of eye. Pronotum granu-
late as in male. Elytra very small, about three-fourths as long as pronotum,
attaining basal fifth of first abdominal terg'ite, strongly dehiscent from seu-
tellum. Lateral extension of metacoxa bent obliquely forward in line with
oblique posterior margin of metepimeron, vuntral segment 1 jjlainl}' visible
at sides, subequal in length to ventral segment 2. Ventral segment 6 appar-
ently luminous in median third of width. One example, collected on alfalfa
at Manhattan, Kansas, VII-2-24, L Kenberry (KSC).
LENOTIL Both sexes, 5.5-8 mm.
598 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tii Ser.
DISTEIBUTION. Kansas, RUey County, Popenoe: (KSC & CAS),
Lawrence, VII-1-53, P. J. Spaiigler (UJIo); VI-27-53, P, J. Spans^ler
(CAS) ; VII-13-50, H. S. Fitch ( U.Cal ). Dfjur/la^ County: VI-9 to 15-1919,
W. E, Hoffman (CAS & TJ.Kans). Emporia: VI-11 (McClay). Madison:
M. C, Van Duzee (CAS). WeUinffton: VII~-l-50, R. P. Allen (CAS).
Oklahoma, Sapiilpa: V-25, P. C. Bishop, J. D. Mitcliell (USNM). Texas,
College Station: VI & VII-1932, J, C. Gaines (A & M.Tex). Mexia: VII-
27-37 (A & M.Tex).
This is one of the most easily recognized Nearetie species of Phot inns
because of the strongly granulate disk of the pronotnm. The terminal anten-
nal segment of tlie female appears from some viewpoints to have a minute
globular apical constriction resembling the terminal api>endix of the tribe
LampyrinL The female of Lampyris noctiluca^ and probably of other
species of the genusj have abdominal ventral segment 1 exposed at the
sides in the same manner as described for Photinus granulatus.
(20) Photinus dimissus LeConte
PJwtinus (limissm LeConte, 18S1, Amei\ Eiit. Soc, Trans,, 9:35.
MALE. Form similar to F. coUustrans, elytra less elongate, usually not
reaching abdominal apex, Pronotum with central subtriangular dark spot,
widest in front ^ not attaining base or apex. Scutellum and mesonotal areas
pale fulvous, vary nig to dusky. Klj^tra i)iceous brown, sutural bead flavate,
lateral pale border somewiiat wider than the YQvy narrow explanate margin,
narrowly continuous around ai>ex. Ventral segments 2 to 5 j)iceous brown,
6 to 9 pale; pygidium dark.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye-
Antennae compressed. Pronotum broadly rounded in front, lateral nuirgins
subparallel or feebly converging posteriorly; disk with median longitudinal
channel deeply impressed, surface ii^regularlj^ punctate, punctures some-
times eonipai^itively coarse. Elytra each tapering posteriorly, lateral and
sutural margins feebly converging from humerus nearly to apex. Epi-
pleurae obsolete except at base. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely
luminous; apex of pygidium liroadly rounded or subtruncate. Aedeagus pale
fuscous, similar in structure to figure 15^ median lobe broader.
FEMALE. Dissimilar, l>rachyi)terous. Pale fulvous above and beneath^
pronotal spot and elytra, except margins, somewliat darker. Antennae
shorter, second segment more elongate, slightly shorter than third. Eyes
small, separated by slightly moi-e than diameter of eye. Elytra small, nearly
as long as pronotum, attaining basal third of first aI)dominal tergite,
strongly dehiscent from scutellum. Jletacoxae and side pieces of meta-
sternum noi-mal, ventral segment 1 not visible. Ventral segment G i>rol>ably
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NE ARCTIC SPECIES OF PH0TINU8
599
luminous as usual, l)ut tliis is not apparent. One example collected at Fedor,
Lee County, Texas, V, H. Klages (CM).
LENGTH. Both sexes, 5-7 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Texas. Uvalde :YIll-^l-U, D. C. Panuan (USNM).
Victoria: IX-10-15, D. C. iMitehell (USNM). Smetara: VlTT-31^9, L. S.
Dillon (CAS). Denton Count ij: V-27-34, J. H. Robinson (CAS). Hockhy:
i AMNU) . Florence : V-30-41, E. L. Tliackrcy (CAS). Fedor: (CU & CM) ;
VI-15-99 (U.Mo): V-20-19, Rev. Brinkman (U.Mo). Dallas: VI-15
(Frost); VI-18-06, AY. D. Pierce (USNM). Houston: V-15-47, (USNM);
VI-28-52, H. E. Cott (U.Cal). 7tfrri'i7ie: V-30-06, F. C. Pratt (USNM).
CoZmnf>iU*: V-25, E. A. Sehwarz (USNM). Victoria County: V-15-11, J. D.
Mitchell (USNM). ColJcge Station: IV-SO to Yl-lf) (A & M.Tex). Duval
County: Hialitos, VI-29 (U.Mieh). Gillespie County: VL7 to 29 (OSU).
Harris County: III (Frost). Temple: VIII-22^1, 11. Dybas (CAS).
Oklahoma. Ada: VIi-16-37, Standish-Kaiser (CAS). Idahel: Vl-30-37,
Standish-Kaiser (CAS). Lebanon: VIl-2-37, Standish-Kaiser (CAS).
Grant: VI 1-1-37, Standish-Kaiser (CAS). Oawalt: VII-3-37, Standish-
Kaiser (CAS). Comanche County: Wichita National Forest, VI-11
(U.Mich).
(21) Photinus knulli Green, new species
HOLOTYPE. MALE; Nogales, Arizona, VIII-i-1953, D. J. & J. N.
KnuU. In collection of Ohio State University.
Form similar to P. consanguitieus. Pronotuni with irregular median
Fig, 16. PJiotinus 1^-vulli Green, new species. Holotype; Nogales, Arizona, VIII-
4-53, D. J. and J. N. Knull (OSU). Male genitalia: dorsal, lateral, and ventral views.
arranged in that order from left to right.
600 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4th Ser.
dark vitta attaining base^ diffusing in anterior coarsely punctate area with-
out reaching apex, vitta widest in front, nearly one-third as wide as convex
disk, narrowing posteriorly to near base, then exx)anding; reflexed lateral
margin vaguely dusky medially* Scutellum pale piceouSj mesonotal areas
darker. Elytra piceous blacky sutural bead flavatCj lateral pale border
widcr^ not exceeding width of explanate margin^ narrowly continuous
around apex. Ventral segments 2 to 5 black, 6 to 8 pale, 9 dusky; pygidium
black.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
of pronotum minutely and sparsely iiunctulate, without median impressed
line. Epipleurae narrow except at base^ attaining abdomen. Ventral seg-
ments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous, apical margin of 8 shallowly arcn-
ately emarginate; apex of pygidium broadly truncate, Aedeagus as in
figui'e 16, flavate, lateral lobes strongly sclerotizedj dark brown beneath and
at tips. Length 8 mm.
FE31ALE. Alate^ similar to male. Eyes smaller, separated by mure
than diameter of eye. Pronotal vitta of nearly uniform width throughout,
about one-third as wide as convex disk, reflexed lateral margin not dusky
medially, Scutellum and mesonotal areas dark ]>iceous, A^entral surface
of abdomen dark piceous, segment 6 pale and luminous in median third or
more of width; apex of pygidium narrowly rounded. Lengtli 7.5 mm.
DISTEIBUTION. Arizona. Nogahs: holotype; 1 female, VIII-2-53,
I). J. & J. N. Knull (OSU),
This species differs from all other members of the P, consanguineus
group by its distinctive male genitalia. It is represented at present only
by the male and female above described* Dr, KnuU reports that both speci-
mens were taken at lights that no others were seen flying, and that no flash-
ing was noted in either sex. The species is named in honor of Doctor and
Mrs. KnulL
(22) Photinus indictus (LeConte)
Pyropyga indicta LeConte, 1881, Amer. Eiit. Soc, Trans., 9:32.
Phothrus alilucen.H Fall, 1927, Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bull., 22:209 (new synonymy),
MALE, Form similar to P. consanguineus. Pronotum with median
dark vitta attaining base and sometimes nearly apex, one-third to two-
fifths as wide as convex disk, sligiitly narrowing posteriorly, sometimes
abruptly expanding near l)ase. Scutellum and mesonotal areas dark j^iceous.
Elytra piceous black, sutural bead flavate usunlly to scutellum^ lateral
pale border wider^ slightly exceeding width of explanate margin, continuous
around apex, pale borders well defined. Ventral segments dark piceous^
segments 6 to 8 often irregularly paler; pygidium with sides and apex
bruudly pale.
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NE ARCTIC SPECIE.^ OF PHOTINUS 601
Eyes small, separated medially above by more than diameter of eye.
Disk of pronotum finely and sparsely punctulate, median lonf^itndinal line
not impressed. Epipleiirae narrow except at base. Ventral segments 6 and 7
each STil)e(|uaI in len^jth to segment 5, light organs lacking; pygidium
broadly truncate. Aedeagns similar to P. consanguineus.
FEMALE. Alate, similar to male. Eyes slightly smaller. Ventral seg-
ments nniformly piceous black or brownish, varying with distal segments
irregularly more or less i)ale, light organs lacking; pygidiura narrowly
rounded at apex.
LENGTH. Both sexes, 6.5-8 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Ohio. Newark: VI-7-99 (OSU). Ira, Summit
Comity: VII-15-20, J. S. Iline (OSU). Delaware Countij: VI-2 (OSU).
Amherst r VII (A & M.Tex). Toledo: VI-20 (U.Mieh) FranJcfort, Ross
County: VIII-10 (GSM). Pleasant Run, Lancaster County: VI-3 (OSM).
MarijsviUe, Union County: VII-4 (OSM). Michioan. Mt. Clemens: VI-15
to VII-10-34, B. Malkin (CAS). Midland County: VI-12 to VII-ll-SS
(CAS). Lake County: VII-20 (Dreisbaeh). Lapeer County: VII-19 (Dreis-
bach). Crawford Counfy: VI 1-1-3 J), R. R. Dreisbaeh (CAS). Clare County:
VII-23-39, R. R. Dreisbaeh (CAS). Wexford County: VII 3 (Dreisbaeh).
Indiana. Yalparaiso: VIII-1 (INKS). Mineral Springs: VII^^IO, A. B.
Woleott {CNIIM). //e.5.5ri/^e.- VII-2-n, W. J. Gerhard (CNHM). Crom-
well: VI-21-32, 11. E. Brown. Illinois. Lake Forest: VI-5 & 13 (CU).
Champaign: VI-23 (INIIS). Evanston: VI-23-33, J. II. Robinson (CAS).
Algonquin: V-21 to VII-17 (INKS). Pulaski: V-28 (INHS). Princeton:
VII-2 (INHS). WidCONSix. Deluvan: AValworth County, VI-18^0, H.
Dybas (CNIIM). Waupaca: YI-6 & 9-1920, L. D. Geniner (USNIVI). West
Bend: Washington County, A^I-23-06, (1. W. Bock (T/.Mo). Minnesota. No
definite locality (USNM). Tennessee. Camden: VIIT-O-SS, R. X. Schick
(UCLA). Georoia. Atlanta: VlI-2, P. W. Fattig (Em.U) : VI-16^7, P. W.
Fattig (USNM). Alabama. Florence: Wilson Dam, VIII-11-53, R. X.
Schick (UCLA). Louisiana. Opelousas: lV-17 (OSU). Baton Houge: V-16-
34, F. E. Lyman (U.Kaiis). Mandcville: VI-17-17, R. C. Shannon (CU).
Texas. Dayton: VI-30-18, E. L. Diven (USNM). Harrison County: ITX-25,
V-18 (OSU). Lufkin, Angelina County: V-9-52, Cazier et al (AIMNII).
Arkansas. Hope: V-28, VIII-5 (CU & Frost); V-6 (CAS). Washington
County: VII-27 (INHS). Missouri. Sikeston: V-12-30, P. H. Johnson
(U.Mo). Columhia: VII-3-46, W. S. Craig (U.Mo). Cape Girardeau: VIII-
11^9, W. R. Enns (U.Mo). St. Louis: VI-1-1919 (U.Mo). Kansas. Douglas
County: VII-5-53, P. J. Spangler (U.Mo); P. H. Snow (U.Kans).
Nebraska. Xo definite locality (USNM). South Dakota. Char Lake: VI-27
(SDSC). Wauhay: VI-22 (SDSC). Sioux River, Volga: VI-22 (S
White :VU-26 (SDSC). Ontario. Toronto: (CAS).
602 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4tii See.
The new synonymy herein proposed was estaljlinhed by an examination
of the type series of Phothitis ahhicens in the Fall collection at the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, In describing Pyropyga indicia LeConte men-
tioned an example taken by Bolter at Lake Tahoe, California. This is
without doubt another instance of misUibcling of the Bolter material.
(23) Photinus lineellus LeConte
Photinus Uneelhis LeConte, 1851, Acad, Nat, Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, (2), 5:335.
MALE. Form narrowly elongate. Pronotum wath broad median dark
vitta narrowing posteriorly, usually attaining base but not apex. Beutellum
and raesonotal areas black. Elytra blaclCj pale sutural and lateral borders
uniformiy narrow and well defined throughout, continuous around apex.
Ventral segments 2 to 5 black, 6 to 8 pale fulvous, 9 dark; pygidium
abruptly pale flavate, preceding tergites black.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Pro-
notum nearly as long as wide, lateral margin.^ subparallel; disk finely and
sparsely punetulate, usually with distinctly impressed median longitu-
dinal line. Epipleurae obsolete except at base. Ventral segments 6 and 7
large, entirely luminous; pygidium broadly truncate at apex. Aedeagus
similar to P. consaiiguineus,
FEMALE, Alate^ similar to male, form broader. Eyes smaller, sepa-
rated by more than diameter of eve. Ventral surface of al)domen dark
piceous, slightly paler apically, segment 6 pale and luminous in median
third or more of width, sometimes pale each side, 7 sometimes pale baso-
medially; pygidium dark, apex rounded or narrowly truncate,
LENGTH. Both sexes, 4.5-6.5 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Mississippi. Lucedah: TV-22-t929, H. Dietrieli
(CU). Alabama. Chickasmv: IV-G (CU). Florida. Paradise Key: Dade
County, III-27-54, C. M. Yoshimoto (CU). Dunedin: IV-8-26, W. S.
Blatehley (CU). Rocldedge: X-16-54, A. Cruikshauk (CAS). Enterprise:
V-16, Hubbard & Schwarz (USNM). Lake Placid: Archbold Biological
Station, III-12, V-14 (CU); VlI-13-48, E. L. Todd (U.Kans); Archbold
Biological Station, 1-27 (AMNH). Jloviestead: VII-19-39, P. B. Lawson
(U.Kans). Bnidentown: VIII-6-3S, W. Benedict (U.Kans). Sanford: VII-
28^8, B. T. McDermott (IT.Kans). Stuart: VI-25-51, 0. Bryant (CAS).
Tampa: IV-10-43, B. Malkin (CAS). ritusviJle: XI-8 (AMNII). Ortnond:
( AMN Il).LaB eUe : I V-27 ( AMNH ) Evf rgJade : I V-9 ( AMN H ) . C apron :
IV-20 (INIIS). New Smyrna: VI-2, (OSU). Fort Lauderdale: V-25 (U.
Mich). Satsuma: VII-30 (U.Mich). Orange County: lX-27-1929, W. M.
Loe (USNil). Lakeland: V-6, XI-9 (AMNH). Eoijal Palm Park: VII-20-
48, E. L. Todd (U.Kans).
Vor,. XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PHOTINUS 603
This Species may be easily recognized by its small size and narrow
elongate form, and by the pale pygidium of the male contrasting' sharply
with tlic preceding dark tergites. The abruptly pale pygidium is found else-
where in the Nearetic Photinns only in P, punctulatua , a larger species with
comparatively coarsely punctate pronotum. A male specimen in the Na-
tional Museum collection, labeled "Sand Hills, Neb., July, L. Bruner,"
agrees closely with P. linecllus in every respect, including the characteristic
pale pygidium, except in having the pronotum immaculate. It bears
determination label *'demissus, 1911, Ern. Olivier." It seems probable that
this specimen is a mislabeled example of P. Hneellus.
(24) Photinus Ignitus Fall
Photinus ignitus Fall, 1927, Brooklyn Ent. See, Bull., 22:208.
MALE. Form distinctly more elongate than P. conmnguineus, pro-
notum narrower, elytra longer. Pronotum with median brownish vitta,
rarely darker, attaining base but not apex, sometimes much reduced in size
or lacking altogether. Scutellum with tij) pale. Elytra dilute brownish
piceous, sutural bead flavate, lateral i>ale border confined nearly to expla-
nate margin. Ventral surface and aedeagus as in P. consanguincus.
FEMALE. Form shorter and broader, similar to P. consinujuineus.
LENGTH. Both sexes, 7-11 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Maine, Monmouth: VII-16 (Frost). Eastbrook:
VII-15 (Frost). Paris: Vll-12 & 19 (Frost). York Harbor: VIII-7-39,
Henry Field (CNILM). Rockland: VII (INHS). New Hampshire. Dur-
ham :\ll-\^ (INIIS). Hampton : VI-24 to VII-31 (EL. Aug). Massagiiu-
SETTS. Framiufjham: VII— 1 & 18 (Frost). Shfrborn: VI-23 (Frost).
Natick : VlI-15 ( Frost ) . Soidh boro : VI-29 ( Frost ) ; VI-13 ( CU) . Ware :
VI-26 (Frost). Mar^hpeld: VII-5 (INHS). Rhode Island. Narragansett :
Vil-3 (OSU). Connecticut. Litchfield: VI-2S (AMNH). CornwaU: VI-20
(CU). Mansfield: VI-28, VII-7, J. A. Manter (FSPB). Storrs: VI-28-20,
J. A. Manter (FSPB). New York. Itham: VI-4 to VIII-4 (CU). Ehnira:
VI-17 & 21 (CU). Annonk: VII-21 (CU). Minetto: VI-23 (CU). McLean
Bogs: VI-23 to VII-3 (CU). Ne^v York: VI-15 (Malldn). Flathush, L. L:
VI-29 (AMNTI). Taughannock : VI-27 (OSU). Netv RocheUe: VIII-7 to
15 (AMNH). Bear Mountain: VI-29 47, B. L. Ladnor (U.Cal). I slip, h. I.:
Vll-3-48, .1. (I. Rozen (U.Cal). Pennsylvania. East on: VI-11 to VII-19,
J. W. Green (CAS). Wind Gap: VI-20 to VII-26, J. W. Green (CAS).
Pocono Lake: VI-11, J. \V. Green (CAS). Columbia Crossroads: VII-14
(UO). Hummelstown: Vll-15 (OSU). Rickets, North Mountain: VII-10,
II. AV, Wcnzel (OSU). New Jersey. PhiUipsburg: VI-24, J, AV. Green
(CAS). Neiv Hrjinsivick: YIl-12 (AMNH). Ramsey: VI 1-9 (AMNH).
604
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Proc. 4tii See.
Anglesea: Ylll-^ (ORU). Afsion: VI-27~^6, J. W. Green (CAS). Dela^
WARE. Middleioivn: VI-24-51 (U.Del). Virginia. No definite locality
(INIIS). North Carolina, Gibsonville: VI-3 (CU). Raleigh: VI-11 to
VII-13 (NCDA),
The distinguishing characters of the species of Photinus are all more
or less subject to variation, and specimens of the ignitiis-conmngiiineus type
will be found that cannot be allocated confidently to one or the other of
these species. There is not, however^ any doubt concerning the specific
validity of P. ignihis.
(25) Photinus consanguineus LeConte
Photinus consanguineus LeConte, 1851, Acad. Nat. Sci, PhUadelpliia, Proc, (2),
5:335.
PJiotinus vittiger LeConte, same as above, page 336.
Fhotiniis zoniitus Gemminger, 1870, CoL Hefte, 6:120*
MALE. Form as shown in figure 19. Pronotnm with median dark vitta
about two-fifths as wide as convex disk^ slightly narrowing posteriorly,
attaining base but not apex, diffusely entering anterior coarsely punctate
area; convex surface each side ilavate or rosy- Scutelluni and mesonotal
areas dark pieeous. Elytra piceous black or brown, sutural bead flavate,
lateral pale border wdder, exceeding width of explanate margin medially^
its inner limit usually well defined, rather broadly continuous around apex.
Ventral segments 2 to 5 black, 6 and 7 pale, 8 and 9 infuscatei pygidium
Fig, 17, Photinus ammnguineus LeConte. Easton, Pennsylvania, VI-24-34, J. W,
Green (CAS), Male genitalia: dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, arranged in that
order from left to right.
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NE ARCTIC SPECIES OF PHOTINUS 605
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Disk
oi' pronotuiu finely and moderately closely punctulate, punctures spaced
by two to five times their diameters; median longitudinal line usually not
impressed. Epipleurae distinct, attaining middle of abdomen. Ventral seg-
ments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous; pygidium broadly truncate. Aedc-
agus as in figure 17, ventrobasal processes varying to apices truncate.
FEMALE. Alate, similar to male, not differing appreciably in form.
Eyes smaller, separated by more than diameter of eye. Ventral segment 6
pale and luminous in median third or more of width, usually pale, or par-
tially so, each side; segments 7 and S lirowaiish fuscous, somewhat mottled,
varying to nearly black, segment 7 lacking the pale subapical maeulation
usually occurring in females of the P. ardens group; pygidium narrowly
rounded at apex,
LENGTH. Both sexes, 7.5-11 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Massachusetts. Woods Hole: VII {A:\INH). Mar-
thas Yineyard: VII-17-17, P. M. Jones (CAS). Conxkcticut. Litchfield:
VII-20 (A:\rNTT). New York. Bear Mountain: VI-25 to VIII-6 (AJINII).
New Ynrk: VI-10 to VI 11-3 (AMNH & Malkin). Montauk, L. I.: VI-30
(CU). Flathush, L. T. : VI-19 to VII-10 (AMNII). Eiverhead, h. I.: VI-23
(CU). Pennsylvania. Eas^ton: Vl-24 to VII-19, J. AV. Green (CAS). Wi7id
Gap: Vll-6^6, J. W. Green (CAS). IHttshurgh: VI-20-12, C. O. St. John
(CAS). New Jersey. Phimpshunj: VI~24, J. AV. Green (CAS). Lakehurst:
VII^ (CA^). Atlantic (Hty: fINJTSl. Broirns MWs: VI-10 (AMNH). Al-
pine, Bergen County: A"T-24 & A^II-9-48, J. G. Rozen fU.Cal). Delaware.
Milford : YI-2-r)^, H. E. AI ill iron (r.Del). Wibnington: VI-23^8, F. A.
McDermott (CAS). AIabyland. Odenton: A"I-ir) & 23 (CU). Plummers
Island: Yl~l (INHS). District of ( V)LUMiiiA. Chevy Chasv: Aa-12-30, H. S.
Barber ( USNM) . West VmtiiNL-\. Sistcrsville: VI lG-30 ( CAS) . Tenxkssee.
Great Smoky Mountains National Park: VI-10 (Drcisbach). GatJinhurg:
VI-25-28, E. H. AVh it taker. North Carolina. Ealdgk: VI-18 to Aai-7
(NCDA). Southern Pines: A^-13^1918, A. H. Alanee (USNM). Montrcat:
VII-9 (TNHS). Maxton: IX-17 (AMNII). Black Moan fains: YX-20 to
VII-14 (AAINII). South Carolina. Oconee County: A^-ID-IO, 0. L. Cart-
wright (CAS). Georgia. Hoherta: A^-16-41, P. AV. Fattig (USNM). Oke-
fenokee Swamp: \^II-30-34, M. E. Griffith (USNM). Way cross: IV-21-38,
AV. J. Gertsch (CAS). Atlanta: A^-28, P. W. Fattig (Em.U). Lakemont:
Vl-f), P. AA" Fattig (Em.U). Florida. St. Augustine: lV-18 (Fro.st). Dune-
din: 11-25. (CV), Alachua County: III-30-54, H. A^ AVccms, Jr. (PSPB).
Crescent City: lY-23 (AAINII). Enterprise: X-5 (AMNII). AIisrtrsippi.
Lucedale: lA^-21 (CU). Ohio. Scioto County: A^I-10 & 17 (OSU). Indiana.
Beverly Shrs., Porter County: A"lX-2'39, H. Dybas (CNIIAI). Texas. Kar-
nack:Y -^22 (OSU).
606
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
[Proc. 4th See.
Tliis species forms witli P. ignihis a, complex that cannot at present be
satisfactorily resolved- Typical examples of both P. consangidneus and
P. ignitiis are easily recognizable by the characters given in coiix>let 25 of
the key. There are, however^ no positive characters known by which non-
conforming specimens may be definitely placed. The occasional occurrence
of such specimens indicates, perhaps^ that one of more additional species
are involved. The most confusing of these are darkly pigmented individuals,
apparently belonging to I\ consanguine us, but with the lateral pale border
of the elytra narrow and confined to the explanate margin, A number of
undersized exanii)lesj some as small as 6 mm, in lengthj have been noted from
the South Atlantic States. It is quite likely that among these a valid species
might be segregated. Two specimens in the Chicago Natural History Mu-
seum collection, from Illinois and Indiana, closely resemble P. ardens in
appearance, having the fonn elongate, the pronotuni with obscure lateral
maeulation^ and the elytra with very narrow pale bordei's.
(2G) Photinus consimilis Green, new species
HOLOTYPE. MALE ; Roaring River State Park, Missouri, VH5-54,
J. W. Green. In collection of California Aeadeniv of Sciences.
Form similar to P. pyralis, less elongate, Pronotum with well defined
median dark vitta attaining base, terminating diffusely at anterior coarsely
punctate area, about two-fifths as wide as convex disk, slightly broader in
front; convex surface eacli side fulvous^ without trace of obscure maculation*
Sexitellum and mesonotal areas dark pieeous. Elytra dark piceous, sutural
Fig. 18. PhothiK.^ eonHmiliH Green, new species. Paratype; Hope, Arkansas,
IX-10-31 (CAS), Male genitalia; dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, arranged in
that order from left to right.
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NE ARCTIC SPECIES OF PHOTINVS 607
bead flavate, lateral pale border wider except at humerus, exceeding width
of explaiiate luargin, rather broadly (continuous around apex. Ventral seg-
ments 2 to 5 piceous black, 6 and 7 pale flavate, 8 dusky, 9 darkly piceoiis;
pygidium dark.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye. Pro-
notum longer as compared to P. ardejis, anterior margin more narrowly
rounded at middle, lateral margins arcuate, slightly converging at hind
angles; disk finely and moderately closely punctulate, median impressed
line lacking. Epipleurae narrow except at base, attaining middle of abdomen.
Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous^ 8 not emarginate, middle
of its apical margin produced in a short subtriangular cusp extending pos-
teriorly and slightly downward; apex of pygidium rather narrowly rounded.
Aedeagus as in figure 18. Length 11.25 mm,
FEMALE. Alate, similar to male, not differing in shape. Eyes smaller,
separated by more than diameter of eye. Ventral segment 6 pale and lu-
minous in median third or more of width, pale each side except broadly
at basal exterior angles, 7 and 8 entirely dark, varying with 7 maculate
with pale spots along apical border^ these often confluent so that apical
half of segment is pale, the pale area sometimes extending to base medially.
VARIATIONS. The color of the elytra varies from dark piceous to a
very dilute brown. The pale elytral borders are usually distinct, but in the
palest specimens may blend imperceptibly with the central area. In the pale
specimens a darker ])rown streak may extend backward from the humerus,
producing a vaguely vittate effect. In tlie darker specimens the outer oblique
costa of the elytra may be narrowly x>ale througliout. Rarely thi^ lateral i)ale
border of tlie elytra is narrower, scarcely exceeding the explanate margin
in widtli. Tlie median vitta of the pronotum may not quite attain base^
and may extend diffusely into the anterior coarsely punctate area. Ventral
segment 8 of the male varie.s from entirely pale to entirely dark, and its
apical cusp may be reduced to a blunt projection. The outline of the pro-
notum (figure 19) varies considerably, as in all Lampyridae, and does not
constitute an infallil>]e diagnostic character. Length 8-15 mm.
DISTRIBUTION, Pennsylvania. Tannersville: 1 female, A^lI-8-47,
J. ^y. Green (CAS). Ohio, Millershnnf: 1 paratype, VI-18^31, K P.
Tliomas (CAS). ilicniGAN. Livmgston County, George Reserve: 1 paratype,
1 female, VII--1-33, S. iloore (Dreisbach) ; 1 female, VII- 1-33, S. Moore
(CAS); 2 paratypes, VII-10-32, A. AV. Andrews (Dreishach); 2 females,
VI-12 & l?(>-32, A. W. Andrews (I)reisbach) ; 1 parntype, VII-16-32 (CAS).
Sovth field, Oakland Connty : 1 paratype, VII-4-31, S, Moore fDreisbach).
Port Huron: 1 paratype, YL Ilnb1)ard & Sehwarz (USNM), Pentwater:
1 paratype, VII-35, H. Dybas (CNILM). No definite locality: 1 paratype,
E, Chope (CNHM). Indiana, Tremont: 1 female, VI~26-i3, A. K, Wyatt
608 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4tii Skr.
(CNHM). Mineral Springs: 1 female, VII-3-11, F. PsoU (CNIIM). Illi-
nois. Chicago: 1 paratype, VT-28-06, W. J. Grerhard (CNIIM); 1 para-
type, VI-30-96, J. B. McDade (USNM). Futnam County: I paratype,
VI-17-32, M. C. Glenn (CAS). Oakwood: 1 paratype, y-30-32, Coll. Frison
(INHS). KampviUc: 1 paratype, VI-25-3I, Frison, et al. (INHS), New
Jersey. Orange: 1 paratype, VI-20 (USNM). Maryland. Lanhmn: 21 para-
types, 1 female, VII-T & 14-26, H. S. Barber (USNM) ; 4 paratypes, same
data (CAS); 1 paratype, VIII-30-26, II. S. Barber (USNM). Breton Bay:
2 paratypes, VII-12-24, II. S. Barber (USNM). IHUs Bridge, Patiixent
River: 2 paratypes, yi-26-24, IT. S. Barber (USNM). Plummers Island:
1 female, VII-17-24, 11. S. Barber (USNM). District of Columbia.
Washington: 4 paratypes, 1 female, Shaw Lily Ponds, V-22 & 31-1929,
VII-8-1926, H. S. Barljer (USNM) ; 38 paratypes, M Street Marsh, VII-17
& 18-1927, H. S. Barber (USNM). North River, 22 mi. ENE. of Washing;.
ton, 4 paratypes, VI-12-28, H. S. Barber & P. O. Russell (USNM). Vir-
ginia. Mouth of Difficult Rim: 1 female, \^l-18-30, H. S. Barber (USNM).
North Carolina. Black Mountains: 1 female, VII-7-12, Beutenmixller
(CAS). South Carolina. Loris: 1 paratype, V-20-40, B. M. Ileniford
(CAS). Oeoroia. Cartersville: 1 female, VI-14-40, P. W. Fattig (CAS).
Atlanta: 1 paratype, VI^-39, P. W. Fattig (CAS). Alaba:\ia. TuscaJoom:
1 paratype, 1 female, VI-10-52; B. I). Valentine (CAS). MoJnle: 1 para-
type, VI-5-25, C. E. White (INHS). Florida. Lei^y County: 1 paratype,
IV-3-54, II. V. Weems, Jr. (FSPB). Lakeland: 1 paratype, 1 female,
III-16-48, K. F. Ilussey (CAS). Stuart: 1 paratype, VI-25-51, 0. Bryant
(CAS). Lacoochee: 1 female, VIII-18-30, J. Nottingluun (U.Kaiis). Se-
bring: 1 pai'atyjie, VI-20-51, Price, Bcamer, Weed (U.Kans); 1 paratype,
1 female, IIT-7 to 12-1939, F. E. Liitz (AMNH). Royal Palm Park: 1
paratype, yiI-20-48, E. L. Todd (U.Kans). Highland Hammock, near
Sebring: 1 paratype, 1 female, 111-24, Gertseh (AMNII). Lake Placid:
2 paratypes, 1-27-43 & II- 5-43, M. Cazier (AMNH); 2 females, 1-23-43,
M. Cazier (AMNH); 1 paratype, V-8-47, and 1 female, III-6-45, Arch-
bold Biological Station, J. G. Needham (CU). Lake Worth: 1 paratype,
Coll. Mrs. A. T. Slosson (AMNII) ; 1 paratype (CU). Everglade: 1 female,
IV-9-19r2 (AMNH). Biscay ne Bay: 1 paratype, Mrs. A. T. Slosson
(AMNII). i*^. Copron: 1 male, IIT-4 (MCZ-LeConte collection) ; 1 paratype,
IV-12, Hubbard & Schwarz (CAS). Edgeivater: ^ paratype, 1 female, 1 11-12
& 13-1939 (Frost). Gainesville: 1 female, IV-25-2r), T. H. Hubbell (U.Fla).
Alachua County: 1 female, VllI-27-54, II. V. AVeems, Jr. (Frost). Belle-
glade: 1 paratype, 1 female, VI-2-27, M. J). Leonard (CU). Enterprise: 2
paratypes, 2 females, VI-13 to 24, Hubbard & Schwarz (USNM) ; 1 para-
type, same data (GAS). Paradise Key: 6 paratypes, 1 male, 4 females, 11-19
to III-4-1919, H. S. Barber (USNM). Brevard County: 1 paratype, III-
18-30,.!. Howard (USNM), Crescent City: 1 paratype, Hubbard & Schwarz
Vol, XXVIII] GREEN: NE ARCTIC 8PECIES OF PHOTINUS
609
(USXM). DuneUen: 1 paratype, VII-12-30 (USXAI). Saiiibel Islmul: 1
female, IV-26-27, M. D. Leonard (CU). WinUr Park: 1 paratype, VI-
10^4, H. T. Fernald (Frost); 2 females, VI-5 & 8^5, II. t/ Feniald
(Frost). Louisiana. Ifarahmi, JefTerson Parish: 3 paratypes, 5 females,
VII-26 to VIII-24-44, H. Dyhas (CNHM). Crowhy: 1 paratype, VII-
29-10, C. E. Hood fUSNai). Gueydan: 2 paratypes, V-28 & VII-2H925,
E. Kalmbaeli (USNM). No definite locality: 1 female (U.Mo). Missouri-
Roaring Hirer State Park: holotype, G paratypes, 5 females, VI-15-54>
J. W. Green (CAR); 1 paratype, saiiie data (Frost). Arkansas. Prairie
County: 1 male, VII-1-26, T. E. AVhite (U.Kans) Hope: 2 paratypes, 1
female, IX-10-31, eolL ilank (CLT); 1 i^aratype, same data (CAS), Okla-
homa. EagJetown: 1 paratype, VI-28-37, Rtandish-Kaiser (CAS). S7/rr-
ivood: 1 paratype, VI-27-37, Standish-Kaiser (CAS). Canada. No definite
locality: 1 paratype, coll J, B, Smith (USNM),
111 general appearance this species rather closely resembles P. con-
saufjiiineuSj with which it has heretofore usually been confused. In the
LeConte collection P, punctuJafus number 2 and P. consauguineus numbers
10 and 11 are exam]>les of P. consimilis. The pale form of F, corhmnilis
predominates in Florida, and has been noted from Tjoiiisiana and Arkan-
sas. Mixed series, of pale and dark individuals, from the same locality
precludes any subspecific segregation.
(27) Photinus carolinus Green, new species
HOLOTYPE. MALE; Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina, 6711 ft., VI-24-37,
TTaus L. Stecher. In collection of California Academy of Sciences.
■
Form similar to P, coiimngiiineuSj less elons'ate than P. ardens. Pro-
notuni with well defined median dark vitta attaining base, not entering
conslmills
ardens k
carolinus
CO US anguine us collustrans
pyralls
Fig. 19. Body outUiies of Photinus ppralis, P. eonsangtnneus, and P. coIJustrans,
and pronotum outlines of P, consimUis. P. ardens. and P, caroHnus.
610 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc, 4th See.
coarsely punctate anterior area, of nearly uniform widtli tlirougliout,
almost half as wide as convex disk; pale area each side rosy^ not obscured
by darker maculation. Scutelhim and niesonotal areas dark piceous. Elytra
piceous black, siitnral bead pale fulvous, lateral pale border scarcely wider^
confined to explanate margin, narrowly continuons around apex. Ventral
segments 2 to 5 piceous black, 6 to 8 pale, 9 dxisky; pygidiiim piceous black.
Eyes large, separated medially above by less than diameter of eye.
Pronotum as in P. ardenSf broadly rounded in front, lateral margins
feebly diverging to hind angles (figure 19); disk finely punctuhite, punc-
tures spaced by about four times their diameters, median impressed line
obliterated. Epipleurae narrow except at base, attaining middle of abdomen.
Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely luminous; segment 8 scarcely
emarginate, middle of its apical margin with triangular cusp extending
posteriorly and somewhat downward; apex of pygidium narrowly rounded,
Aedeagus similar to I\ consimilis. Length 11.5 mm.
FEMALE. AlatCj similar to male^ less elongate, elytra relatively
shorter. Eyes smaller, separated by more than diameter of eye. Ventral
segment 6 pale and luminous in median third or more of width, sometimes
more or less pale each side, 7 usually with two small submedian pale spots
near apical border, these sometimes lacking*
VARIATIONS, The pronotal vitta may be broadest in front, narrow-
ing slightly toward base, rarely diffusely entering anterior coarsely
punctate area. The outline of the pronotum is inconstant and specimens
occur with the anterior margin more narrowly rounded medially, or with
the lateral margins subparallel, but rarely are they feebly converging at
the hind angles. The pale parts of the pronotal disk may be flavatc instead
of rosy. Ventral segment 8 of the male varies from entirely pale to partly
or entirely piceous. In one male example, tentatively associated, the elytra
are entirely piceous black. Length 8-12.5 mm.
DISTRIBUTION. Virginia. ShenmidoaJi Park: 1 paratype, 1 female,
VII-12-52, Dr. Buck (CAS). Pocosin^ 5 miles north of Swift Run Gap;
22 paratypes, VII - 4 - 4 7, IL S. Barber (T'^PiNM), 2 paratypes, same data
(CAS), West Virginia. BriisJi Creek mouth; 1 paratype, VII-18-30,
J. G. Needham (CU). North Carolina. Mt. Mitchell: 6711 ft., holotype,
2 paratypes, 1 female, VI-2-^37, Hans L. Stecher eolL (CAS). Stinhurst:
1 male, 1 female, VT-7-39, 0. L. Cartwright (CAS). Cherokee: 1 paratype,
VI-28-88 (CAS). Montreal: 2 paratypes, VII-14-28 (CAS), Black Mowi^
tains: Van Dyke coll., 3 paratypes, 4 females, VII-02 (CAS); 1 paratype,
VII-02 (Frost); 1 paratype/vi-02 (CAS); T female, VI-24 (AMNH).
Grayheard Momitain: 1 paratype, 1 female, VI-IO & VI-7 (AMNH), Cran-
herry: 2 paratypes, VI-13, VI-15, H. W. AVenzel (OSU). Tennesske. John-
son City: 1 female, 2-4000 ft., VI-12-51, O, Bryant (CAS). Great Smoky
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PHOTINUS Gil
3Iountain National Pari: 4 iiaratypeB, 3 females, Cliimney Camp, VI-14^7,
IL Dietricli (CU) ; 1 female, Greenbrier Cove, VI-19-42, II. Dybas
(CNHM); 1 paratyiie, Chimney Camp, VI-12-54, II. E. & m" A.
Evans (CU).
This species is an Appalachian offshoot of the more northern P, ardent,
from whicli it differs in its broader form, generally darker pigmentation,
and better defined pronotal vitta, the disk each side clear fulvous or flavate
and unobscured by darker macnlatiom
(28) Photinus ardens LeConte
Pliotinus ardens LeConte, 1851, Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, (2), 5:334,
Photinus taedifer LeConte, same as above.
Photinus obscurellus LeConte, same as above, page 335.
Photinus frigidus E. Olivier, 1888, Soc. Ent France, Ann., (6), 8:54. (new syn-
onymy)
MALE. Form .similar to F. pymlis, somewhat more elongate. Pronotnm
with poorly defined median dark vitta attaining- base but not apex, about
half as wide as convex disk, pale area each side more or less obscured by
nubilous brown isli or piceous spots, rarely completely obscured; coarsely
punctate borders dusky flavate. Scutellimi and mesonotal areas dark
piceous. Elytra dar^k brownish piceous, varying to pale brownish prray,
sutural bead flavate, usually indistinctly so near scutellum, lateral pale
border wider, confined to explanate margin, more broadly continuous
around apex. Ventral segments 2 to 5 dark piceous, 6 to 8 pale, 9 dusky,
pygidiuni dark.
Ryes large, separated medially above bv less than diameter of eve,
Pronotum usually with anterior margin regularly and broadly arcuate,
lateral margins subparallel or feebly diverging posteriorh^, usually not at
all converging at hind angles (figure 19); disk finely and moderately
closely punctulatc, punctures spaced by two to four times their diameters^
median longitudinal line oljliterated. Epipleurae narrow except at base,
attaining middle of abdomen. Ventral segments 6 and 7 large, entirely
luminous, S not or very feebly emarginate, middle of its apical margin
with short variable cusp, obtuse or acute; pygidium narrowly rounded at
apex. Aedeagiis similar to P. consimilis.
FESIALE, Alate, siniilar to male, form broader, elytra relatively
shorter. Eyes smaller, separated l)y more than diameter of eye. Ventral
segment 6 ])ale and luminous in median third or more of width, usually
pale each side except more or less broadly at basal exterior angles, 7 en-
tirely dark, or variably maculate with nubilously defined pale areas, these
usually confined to apical half of segment.
LENGTH. Both sexes, 7-12,5 mm.
612 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4x11 Ser,
DISTRIBUTION, Maine. Augusta: VI-24-53, A. II. Brower (Frost).
E. Machias: VT (CAS). Paris: VII-13-49, C. A. Frost (CAS). Knox
County: VI-20-50 (OSU). New Hampshire. Franoonia: (CU). Colhrook:
¥11-21 (AMNH). Manchester: (INIIS). Durham: VI-26 (INIIS).
Hampton: VI-26 (EL. Aug). Massachusetts. Ayer: VII-2-24, 11. S.
Barber (USNM). Monterey: VII-19-39, E. A. Cliapin (USNM). Framing-
ham: VI-21 to yiI-18 (Frost). Shcrhorn: VI-22 (Frost). Natick: VI-6
(Frost). Chatham: VII-14 (Frost). Berlin: VI-13 (Frost). Forest HiUs:
yil_|_15^ F. X. Williams (CAS). Worcester: (CAS). Connecticut.
CornwaU: VI-8 & 12 (CU). Storrs: VI-26^20, J. A. Manter (Frost).
New York. Ithaca: VI-17 (CU); VII-IT, Eing^vood (CU). Paul Smiths:
VI_li)^25 (CU & CAS). Fulion: Aa-20 (CU). McLean Bogs, Thomkins
County: V-30 & VII-9 (CU). Buffalo: VI-25-09 (CAS). Peterboro:
VI-17-28, (}. S. Miller (USNM). Pennsylvania. Mil ford: Pike County ^
VI-1^1 (Malkin). Belfast: V-27-37, J. W. Green (CAS). Columhia
X-roads: VIII-4 & 27-37, R. M. Leonard (CAS). Ni:w Jersey. Ramsoj:
VII-6 (AMNII). Maryland. Baltimore: VI-20-09, F. E. Blaisdell (CAS).
West A^irginia. Sistersville: VI-16--30 (CAS). Ohio. Milhrshurg: VI-
a8-31, R. P. Thomas (CAS). Michigan. Marquette: VI-28 (CAS), nam
Mountain Club: VI (CAS). St. Joseph County: V-30-41, R. R. Dreisbach
(CAS), INDLA.NA. HessviUe: V-27-11, W. J. Uerliurd (CNIIM). Illinois.
Chicago: VI-23-09, AV. J. Gerliard (CNIIM). Algo7iquin: (INIIS). AVis-
coNsiN. Bayfield: AViekluuii (CAS). AIinnesota. Duluth: (CAS & SDSC).
South Dakota. Volga: (SDSC). Newfoundland. "Terre Neuve," Ern.
Olivier (USNM). Nova Scotia. Baddeck: VII-26-27 (USNM); VI-19-31,
0. Fairehild (USNM). Quebec Duparquet: Aai-l-H, G. Staee Smith
(CAS). Ayhncr: Aa-23-36, G. Stace Smith (CAS). Ontario. Toronto:
(CAS). Prince Edward County :Y1-18 (Frost); Aa-22 (MeClay).
Specimens in the United States National Aluseuni collection, labeled
"Terre Neuve," "Pfioiinus frigidus Ern. Oliv.," and 'VSpeeimen typieum
originale auetoris, Ern. Olivier," undoubtedly belong to P. ardcns and
constitute the basis for the synonymy aliove proposed.
LITERATURE CITED
Castlenau, Fkancis L.
1833. Essais d'uiie rev. du genre Lampyre. SocicH Entomologique fle France,
Annales, vol. 2, pp. 122-153.
Fall, Heptuy C,
1927. New Lampyridae. Brooklyn Entomological Society, Bulletin, vol. 22,
pp. 20S-211.
Gemmikger, M.
1870. Coleopterologische Hefte, vol. G, pp. 1-131.
Germab, Ernst F.
1824. I use etc rum species novae, pp. 1-624.
Vol. XXVIII] GREEN: NEARCTIC ^^PECIES OF PH0TINU8 613
LACORlJAllIi:, J KAN F.
1857. Histoire naturelle des insects. Genera des Coleapteres, voL 4, pp. 1-579.
LeConte, John L.
1851, Synopsis of the Lampyrides of temperate North America. Acadeviy of
Natural *^cie?ices of Philadelphia, Proceedings, voL 5, pp. 331-347,
1878. Coleoptera of Florida. American Philosophical Society, Proceedings^
VOL 17, pp. 353-472.
1881. Synopsis of the Lampyridae of the Ignited States, American Entomo-
logiral Society. Transaction^^ voL 9, i>p, 15-72.
LixxK, Carl ^ox
1767. Systema Naturae, edition 12, p. 2.
Olivieu, Ehxest
1888, Etudes sur les Lampyrides, Societe Entomologiqne de France, Annales,
vol 8, pp. 35-62.
Say, Thomas
1825, Descriptions of new species of coleopterous insects. Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. Joiirnah voL 5, pp. 160-204,
Weay, David L,
1950. Insects of North Carolina, second supplement. North Carolina Depart-
ment of Agriculture, pp. 1-59.
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